Chapter 2: Atomic structure & Interatomic bonding

Bonding
1. Primary bonding
  1. Metallic Bonds
    1. sharing of variable number of electrons by a variable number of atoms.
    2. force of attraction between the positive metal ion and "sea of electron"formed between atoms of metal.
      1. solid in state except mercury
      2. Insoluble in all solvonts
      3. High boiling and melting point as a result of giant mettallic structure
      4. malleable and ductile
      5. conducts electricity in the solid and molten state
  2. Covalent bond
    1. what does covalent means?
      1. if forms because the electrostatic all raction between the nuclei of the atom and shared electrons
      2. non-metals react with non- metals and there share electrons
    2. there con't conduct electricity
      1. there is no charges because electrons are shared not transferred
    3. the number of bond determine the number of electrons
  3. Ionic Bonds
    1. occurs between metal atoms and nonmetal atoms
    2. bond formed when an electron is transferred from one atom to another, resulting in +ve and –ve ions.
2. secondary bonding
  1. Properties
    1. found in most of materials, but overshadowed by the strength of primary bonding.
    2. weak in nature
  2. van der waals
    1. caused by the attractions between electron-rich region of one molecules and electron-poor region of another.
  3. Hydrogen bonding
    1. exist between some molecules that have hydrogen as one of the constituents
Electron Configuration
1. Shell (short electron configuration)
2. Subshell (full electron configuration)
  1. they are divided into 4 :
    1. Subshell:s Electrons:2
    2. Subshell:p Electrons:6
    3. Subshell:d Electrons:10
    4. Subshell:f Electrons:14
  2. number of subshell in shells
    1. first shell
      1. 1s
    2. second shell
      1. 2s,2p
    3. third shell
      1. 3s,3p,3d
    4. fourth shell
      1. 4s,4p,4d,4f
Valence Electrons
1. electrons involved in bonding
2. bonding great significance in determining the properties of atom
3. the same valance electrons have the same properties
4. same valance electron will be in same group
5. electrons in the outer shell
atomic number and atomic mass
1. Atomic number
  1. number of electrons and number of protons
2. atomic mass
  1. the mas of an atom is in atomic mass unit

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Chapter 2: Atomic structure & Interatomic bonding

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