203863
Description
Flashcards by Niat Habtemariam, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Niat Habtemariam
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Aluminum | a lightweight chemical element (Al); the most abundant metallic element in the Earth's crust |
| Bedrock | the solid rock layer beneath sand or silt |
| Bend | to curve; bending occurs when a straight material becomes curved; one side squeezes together in compression, and the other side stretches apart in tension |
| Brittle | characteristic of a material that fails without warning; brittle materials do not stretch or shorten before failing |
| Cast Iron | a brittle alloy with high carbon content; iron that has been melted, then poured into a form and cooled; can be made into any shape desired |
| Civil Engineer | an engineer who plans, designs, and supervises the construction of facilities essential to modern life |
| Compression | a pressing force that squeezes a material together |
| Architect | a person who designs all kinds of structures; must also have the ability to conceptualize and communicate ideas effectively -- both in words and on paper -- to clients, engineers, government officials, and construction crews |
| Beam | a rigid, usually horizontal, structural element |
| Brace | (n.) a structural support; (v.) to strengthen and stiffen a structure to resist loads |
| Buckle | to bend under compression |
| Cement | a binding material, or glue, that helps concrete harde |
| Column | a vertical, structural element, strong in compression |
| Concrete | a mixture of water, sand, small stones, and a gray powder called cement |
| Core | central region of a skyscraper; usually houses elevator and stairwell |
| Construction Manager | a person who coordinates the entire construction process -- from initial planning and foundation work through the structure's completion |
| Deform | to change shape |
| Force | any action that tends to maintain or alter the position of a structure |
| Iron | a chemical element (Fe); one of the cheapest and most used metals |
| Joint | a device connecting two or more adjacent parts of a structure; a roller joint allows adjacent parts to move controllably past one another; a rigid joint prevents adjacent parts from moving or rotating past one another |
| Load | weight distribution throughout a structure; loads caused by wind, earthquakes, and gravity, for example, affect how weight is distributed throughout a structure |
| Masonry | a building material such as stone, clay, brick, or concrete |
| Pile | a long, round pole of wood, concrete, or steel driven into the soil by pile drivers |
| Pressure | a force applied or distributed over an area |
| Reinforced Concrete | concrete with steel bars or mesh embedded in it for increased strength in tension; in pre-tensioned concrete, the embedded steel bars or cables are stretched into tension before the concrete hardens; in post-tensioned concrete, the embedded steel bars or cables are stretched into tension after the concrete hardens |
| Rigid | (adj.) ability to resist deformation when subjected to a load; rigidity (n.) the measure of a structure's ability not to change shape when subjected to a load |
| Rock Tunnel | a passage constructed through solid rock |
| Shear-Walls | solid concrete walls that resist shear forces; often used in buildings constructed in earthquake zones |
| Silt | sediment particles ranging from 0.004 to 0.06 mm (0.00016 to 0.0024 inch) in diameter |
| Soft-Ground Tunnels | a passage constructed through loose, unstable, or wet ground, requiring supports to keep the walls from collapsing |
| Spire | an architectural or decorative feature of a skyscraper; the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat includes spires but not antennae when calculating the official height of a skyscraper |
| Stable | (adj.) ability to resist collapse and deformation; stability (n.) characteristic of a structure that is able to carry a realistic load without collapsing or deforming significantly |
| Steel | an alloy of iron and carbon that is hard, strong, and malleable |
| Stiff | (adj.) ability to resist deformation; stiffness (n.) the measure of a structure's capacity to resist deformation |
| Story | floor of a skyscraper |
| Strong | (adj.) ability to carry a realistic load; strength (n.) the measure of a structure's ability to carry a realistic load |
| Structural Engineer | an engineer who investigates the behavior and design of all kinds of structures, including dams, domes, tunnels, bridges, and skyscrapers, to make sure they are safe and sound for human use |
| Tension | a stretching force that pulls on a material |
| Tension Ring | a support ring that resists the outward force pushing against the lower sides of a dome |
| Truss | a rigid frame composed of short, straight pieces joined to form a series of triangles or other stable shapes |
| Tuned Mass Damper | a mechanical counterweight designed to reduce the effects of motion, such as the swaying of a skyscraper in the wind or in an earthquake |
| Wood | a common natural material strong in both compression and tension |
| Wrought Iron | an iron alloy that is less brittle than cast iron |
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