OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

1. Whats it?

   • An operating system (OP) is the most important program that runs in a computer
     • Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other programs
     • Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
     • The most popular operating systems today include versions of Microsoft Windows (like Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP), Apple's Mac OS, and flavors of the open source operating system Linux.

2. How it works?

   • Operating systems provide a software platform above which other programs, called applications , can function
     • Applications are programmed to operate above a particular operating system , so , the choice of operating system largely determines the applications that can use .

3. Types of OS

   • Real-time Operating System
     • It is a multitasking operating system that aims at executing real-time applications
   • Multi-user and Single-user Operating Systems
     • The operating systems of this type allow a multiple users to access a computer system concurrently
   • Multi-tasking and Single-tasking Operating Systems
     • multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running at the same time, from the point of view of human time scales
   • Distributed Operating System
     • An operating system that manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer is known as a distributed operating system
   • Embedded System
     • These operating systems are designed to be compact, efficient at resource usage, and reliable

4. OS functions

   • It manages the hardware and software resources of the system
   • It provides a stable, consistent way for applications to deal with the hardware without having to know all the details of the hardware.
   • The first task, managing the hardware and software resources, is very important, as various programs and input methods compete for the attention of the central processing unit (CPU)

5. OS developements

   • In the late 1940s, with what could be considered the emergence of the first generation of computers, it went directly to the console of the computer from which it is acted on a series of micro switches that allowed directly enter the program the computer memory
   • In the early 50s in order to facilitate the interaction between person and computer
   • In the 60s there were noticeable changes in several fields of information technology, with the appearance of most integrated circuit designed to further enhance the potential of computers
   • Darwin is the system that underlies Mac OS X, the first final version came out in 2001 to run on Macintosh computers.

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