Theme 1: Tropical Climates (1)

Theme 1: Tropical Climates (1)

1. background info

   • Geologic age of Rarth
   • Changing landscapes & climates
   • Climate definition and causes

2. Global climate change in quaternary

   • Changes in pleistocene
   • Changes in holocene

3. Climate changes in pleistocene & holocene

   • Orbital Forcings
     • Orbital Forcing Theory
       • 1) Eccentricity
       • 2) Obliquity
       • 3) Precession
       • Limitations
   • Internal Feedback Mechanisms
     • Feedback Mechanisms
       • Positive feedback
       • Negative feedback
     • factors influencing climate
       • 1) Ice sheets & albedo
       • 2) Atmospheric composition
       • 3) Oceans

4. Evidence climate has changed (1)

   • Proxy Evidence (1)
     • 1) Ocean sediments
       • i) Biological remains
       • ii) Oxygen isotope
       • iii) Ice-rafted deposits
     • 2) Ice cores
       • i) Oxygen isotope
       • ii) Gas analysis
       • iii) Chemical content
   • Proxy Evidence (2)
     • 3) Remnant landforms
       • i) Sea-level rise and coastal landforms
         • iii) River landforms
       • ii) Glacial and periglacial landforms
         • iv) Cave deposits
     • 4) Biological evidence
       • i) Plant remains
         • ii) Insect fossils and other animal remains

5. Evidence climate has changed (2)

   • Dating Techniques
     • 1) Age estimation
       • i) Incremental methods
       • ii) Radiometric methods
     • 2) Age equivalence
     • 3) Relative chronology
   • Sequencing and Matching Evidence in Different Locations
     • 1) Stratigraphy
     • 2) Correlation