Memory-Psychology

Memory-Psychology

1. Duration

   • STM=notepad...= 18-30 second
     • Peterson and peterson: nonsense trigrams, count backwards in times tables
       • experiment = artificial, lacks internal validity, marsh= forget immediately when not pay attention, nairne= p's asked to recall same items across trial= info replaced or unrehearsed= lose
   • LTM= after rehearsal= potentially unlimited
     • Bahrick et al= 48 yrs show yearbook photos.

2. Capacity

   • STM= limited
     • Jacobs= digit span
     • Miller 7+/- 2
       • flashed 7+/- 2 dots to see how many people could count
     • simon= chunking ( smaller chunks= larger span vice versa)
     • Cowan= limited to 4 chunks
   • LTM= potentially unlimited
   • jacobs- capacity not same for everyone- memory improves with age.

3. Encoding

   • Baddeley: list of acoustically similar or semantically similar words.
     • stm= acoustic encoding
     • LTM= semantic encoding
     • sometimes we use visual encoding also (Brandimote et al), lab experiment, i.v. Frost= LTM recall is also visual/ Rothbart & Nelson= acoustic encoding also.