POPULATION NOTES

POPULATION NOTES

1. Key Words

   • Population distribution: how population is spread out over an area
   • Population density: The number on people per Km2
   • Demographic transition model: The changes in population over time in a line graph
   • Migration: the number of people who enter or leave the country
   • densely populated: a high population per Km2
   • Sparsely populated: a low population per Km2
   • Crude birth rate: Number if babies born per 1000 per year
   • Crude death rate: number of deaths per 1000 per year
   • Population Explosion: Rapid population growth
   • Natural increase/ decrease: birth rate exceeds death rate/ death rate exceeds birth rate
   • Exponential growth: a pattern where the growth rate constantly increases
   • Life expectancy: the number of years a person is expected to live for
   • Zero growth: A population in pattern. The BR is equal to death rate, so no growth or decrease

2. World population

   • 1804: 1 billion people
   • 1927: 2 billion people
   • 1960: 3 billion people
   • 1974: 4 billion people
   • 1987: 5 billion people
   • 1999: 6 billion people
   • 2014: 7 billion people

3. The Gambia

   • 95% of the population is muslim
   • Smallest country in Africa
   • BR= 40
   • most people die before 40
   • Life expectancy is 55
   • youngest population worldwide
   • Population expected to double by 2050
   • 45% under 15
   • 3% at working age
   • GDP of $1000
   • 70000km2 of forest deforested
   • Poorest population in the world
   • Problems
     • cultural and religous reasons
     • high birth rate
     • Few medical facilities
     • high infant mortality rate
     • No money in the economy for infastructure
     • Deforestation
     • Lack of contraception

4. What attracts people to live in some areas?

   • flat land
     • good building areas
       • Western Europe
   • Natural resouces
     • Oil, natural gas and coal
       • money from exports
   • Reliable water sources
     • Rivers, Lakes, Dams, Resevoirs
       • Europe
   • Employment
     • Ship building
       • London
     • Finance
     • Jobs avalable
   • Good communications
     • Airports
       • London
     • Railways
   • Fertile soils
     • good for crops
       • Food
       • Export for Money
     • Europe

5. Census's

   • Helps estimate the population in a country too see if it is increasing or decreasing
   • They are costly, so therefore many countries do not do them
   • They are sometimes not completed a or handed in so the population estimate will be inaccurate
   • The data can take a year to publish, by which time it is already out-dated
   • A census takes place every 10 years in the UK so we would not know if the population has increased or decreased over that 10 year period

6. Aging population

   • Pensions
     • Smaller pensions
       • Less money for leisure
     • Work for longer
   • Leisure Industry
     • Relies upon income
     • No-one spending enough money on leisure
       • Not enough income
         • Smaller number of leisure centres
   • Workplace
     • Older workforce
     • Less jobs available as people work for longer
   • Hospitals
     • Higher demand for medicines
     • More crowded A&E departments
       • Longer waiting tomes
   • The demand for housing
     • More elderly friendly home ie. Bungalows
     • Less demand for family houses and flats
   • The total tax paid to the Government
     • Less revenue, as pensioners are not employed
     • Higher taxes
   • Universities
     • Less universities
       • Not enough students
       • Easier to get into high class universities
     • Schools
       • Less pupils
       • Closures?

7. Under population in Australia

   • Resources
     • Most resources in desert
       • Difficult to sustain
         • difficult to set up settlements eg. mining facilities
         • Temperatures over 50C
     • Industry
       • Oil
       • Transport equipment
       • Steel
       • Chemicals
       • Food processing
   • Land
     • Mainly desert
       • Lack of water
       • Not suitable for crops