3. Psychodynamic Theory

3. Psychodynamic Theory

1. Ego Psychology

   • Anna Freud
     • Focus on ego
     • development
       • developmental lines
       • Regression vs rationalisation
     • importance of defences
   • Erik Erikson
     • 8 stages
       • 1. trust vs mistrust
         • 2. autonomy vs shame & doubt
           • 3. intimacy vs isolation
             • 4. generativity vs stagnation
   • ego functions
     • synthesis
     • logic and reason
     • regulate (3)
   • Karen Horney (neofreudian)
     • life is telic
     • psychological health (self-realisation) (3)
     • basic evil
       • basic hostility
       • basic anxirty
   • synthetic function of the ego
     • harnessing eros
       • desexualisation
       • chanelling
       • unity, harmony, integration
         • moved away from sexualisation

2. object relations theory

   • RONALD & FAIRBAIRN
     • self in relation to others (objects
     • relationships
     • depend & dependable
   • objects
     • internalised
     • fantasy
     • ability to recognise new external objects
   • DONALD WINNICOTT
     • Newborns unitegration
       • Primary maternal preoccupation
         • empathetic anticipation
           • mirroring
             • subjective omnipotence
           • attunement
           • holding environment
           • = capacity to be alone
     • good enough mothering
       • empathic failures
         • transitional objects
     • ideal mom
       • holding vs impingement
         • false vs true self
           • environmental deficiency diseases
             • --> goals
   • splits in object relations
     • MELANIE KLEIN
     • naturally occur
       • 1. maternal splitting
         • 2. transitional objects
           • 3. self-splitting
             • 4. moral splitting
   • pathology
     • projective fantasty
     • projective identification
       • dependency
       • power
       • sexuality
       • ingratiation
     • com and metacomunication
   • Transference
     • Freud
       • repetition compulsion
         • familiarity
         • mastery
         • opportunity for insight

3. self-psychology

   • HEINZ KOHUT
     • Similar in transference, different in development, focus on narcissism
     • 1. idealising need
       • power, safe, self-confidence, ideas
     • 2. mirroring need
       • self-esteem, most important
         • stages to move from narcisistic state
           • Self based on relationships
             • self-objects
               • transmuting internalisation
                 • optimal frustration
                 • consistent empathetic intuness vs gratification
     • 3. twinship need
       • belonging, feeling of being loved
   • psychopathology
     • psychotic
     • narcissistic
       • fragility
       • need for love
     • structural neuroses

4. psychodynamic theory today

   • ID in terms of regulation
   • early interactions
   • lovability
   • inevitable projections
   • metacommunication
   • role of others
   • goals (5)
   • phases
     • 1. establish
     • 2. exploring (2)
     • 3. encouraging
   • psychodynamic intake (6)
   • therapy techniques (4)
   • time-limited
     • procedure
     • goals
     • intake

5. differences from PA

   • less pleasure, more relating
   • template mom
   • 2-3 years
   • tabula rasa
   • representational
   • relationships over insight