Learning and Memory

Learning and Memory

1. MEMORY

   • Encoding
   • Storage
   • Retrieval
   • Forgetting
   • Memory Construction

2. LEARNING

   • the way in which we acquire new behaviors
   • Associative Learning
     • a way of pairing together stimuli and responses, or behaviors and consequences
     • stimuli/response
       • Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
         • unconditioned stimulus produces an unconditioned response with a neutral stimulus with repetition the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that produces a conditioned response
         • Unconditioned Stimulus (meat)
         • Unconditioned Response (dog salivating)
         • neutral stimuli
           • many stimuli do not produce a reflexive response
     • behavior/consequence
       • Operant Conditioning
         • behavior is changed through the use of consequences
         • Positive reinforcement
         • Negative Reinforcement
         • Negative Punishment
         • Positive Punishment
   • Observational Learning
     • acquisition of behavior by watching others
   • habituation
     • Responses to stimuli can change over time depending on the frequency and intensity of the stimulus
     • example: medical student seeing a dead body for the first time, after the second,third,fourth they are use to it
   • dishabituation
     • the recovery of a response to a stimulus after habituation has occured
   • learning
     • how we acquire new behaviors
   • stimulus
     • anything to which an organism can respond
     • ex: bell ringing (stimulus) and dog running (response)

3. NEUROBIOLOGY