Similarities between First and second Language acquisition

Similarities between First and second Language acquisition

1. Developmental sequences

   • Silent period
     • The child or adult is first introduced to the second language.
       • When he/She begins to speak
   • Formulaic Speech
     • Expressions which are learnt as unanalysable wholes and employed on particular occasions
     • Types of Formulaic Speech
       • Routines
         • How do you do?
         • You are welcome
         • I can speak french
     • Patterns
       • Can I have a ?
         • There is no
           • I wanna
     • Scripts
       • E.g Greeting Sequences
         • Rather Fixed and predictable
   • Structural and semantic simplification
     • The first and second learners apply structural and semantic simplifications to their language
       • Structural simplification take the form of omitting grammatical functors
         • Articles, auxiliary verbs
           • Semantic simplifications take the form of omitting content words
             • Nouns, Verbs

2. Simplification occur reasons

   • Learners may not have yet acquired the necessary linguistic forms
     • They are unable to access linguistic forms during production

3. Overgeneralization

   • Learners may overgeneralize vocabulary of rules, using them in contexts broader than those in which they should be used.
     • Input
       • Language which a learner hears or receives and from which he or she can learn
         • Refers to the exposure learners have to authentic language in use
           • Behavioristic Views of Language Adquisition
             • Pavlov, Skinner tried to explain learning in terms of operant conditioning
             • Skinner argued that children learn language based on behaviorist reinfor ment principles by associating words with meanings
         • Is the difference between what a learner can do without help,and what they cant dowithout teachers assistance
           • Zone of proximal Development (ZPD)
             • Lev Vygotsky (1896- 1934)
               • Vygotsky stated taht a child follows an adult example and gradually develops the ability to do certain tasks without help
   • My mother, Sister, girlfriend diet all the time.
     • Women are always on a diet

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