Scientific method

Scientific method

1. Science is an ordered body of objective knowledge which can be verified experimentally.

   • The scientific method is the method of working based on observation and experimentation, which scientists use to investigate the phenomena produced in nature.

2. 1.3 - Statement of hypothesis

   • A hypothesis is a supposition which attempts to explain an observed phenomenon.

3. 1.4 - Experimentation

   • Experimentation consists of reproducing an observed phenomenon under controlled conditions which can be modified to determine what is happening.

4. 1.5 - Analysis of results

   • Data table
     • Data can be organised in tables made up of rows and columns where the values of the various magnitudes are shown.
   • Pie chart
     • This is a circle divided into sectors, where the size of each sector is proportional to the value represented.
   • Bar chart
     • This has vertical or horizontal bars, where the length of each bar is proportional to the value represented.
   • Graph or representation on coordinate axes
     • In order to draw it, we need to take into account these steps:

5. Formulation of laws

   • Qualitative law:
     • it can be defined through a verbal or written statement, but cannot be expressed numerically.
   • Quantitative law:
     • it can be expressed through numbers. Thus, in addition to being defined through a verbal or written statement, it can be represented as a mathematical formula and as a graph.

6. Theories and models

   • Theories
     • is a generalised law which explains a set of facts.
   • models
     • is a graphical or mental representation which helps us to interpret how something is.

7. The scientific report

   • cover
   • Table of contents
   • Summary or abstract
   • Purpose
   • Materials and products
   • Procedure
   • Results and conclusions
   • Results and conclusions
   • Acknowledgements

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