learning

learning

1. levels of processing theory

   • the strength of the memory traces depends on the levels of processing
     • deep processing leads to stronger memory traces
     • superficia (shallow) processing leads to weak memory traces
   • incidental learning can take place

2. mnemonics

   • strategies to enhance memory performance:
     • categorisation
     • method of loci
     • method of interacting images
     • pegword method
       • items are linked by imagery to an already learned sequence list of imageable words
         • one is a bun, two is a shoe, three is a tree
     • dual-coding
       • concrete words encoded verbally and visually

3. encoding specificity principle

   • you can retrieve info from memory ONLY via cues encoded for retrieval during studying

4. context effects

   • memory is better when the external environment at testing is the same as at learning

5. state-dependent memory effects

   • memory is better when INTERNAL PHYSIOLOGICAL conditions are the same
     • being drunk

6. mood dependent memory

   • memory is better when MOOD is the same

7. spacing effect

   • explanations:
     • deficient processing
       • massed repetition leads to deficient processing of later information
     • encoding variability
       • spaced repetition causes variability in representation
         • more cues for the learned material, more likely cues to recur at test