Engineering Materials

Engineering Materials

1. Properties

   • strength
     • Compression
     • Shear
     • Torsion
   • Elasticity
   • Plasticity
     • Ductility
     • Malleability
   • Hardness
   • Toughness
   • Fatigue
     • Fatigue resistance

2. Wood

   • Softwood (deciduous trees)
     • birch, cherry, maple
   • Hardwood (coniferous trees)
     • Cedar, pine, spruce
   • Trees use photosynthesis to make energy.
   • Process
     • Tree felled
       • Logs -> sawmill
         • Sawn into boards
           • Sent to kiln for drying
     • Uses
       • Plywood
       • Blockboard
       • Particle/Chipboard
       • Hardboard
       • MDF

3. Bamboo

   • Fastest growing woody plant (grass family)
     • Uses
       • boards
       • Flooring
       • paper
       • Furniture
       • Instruments
       • fabric
     • 3ft+ per day

4. Metal

   • ferrous
     • Any metal or alloy that contains iron
   • nonferrous
     • Any metal or alloy that doesn't contain iron
   • crystalline structure
     • Temperature may change the structure
   • Process
     • crude ore mined
       • Crushed, waste mineral removed
         • remaining ore sintered into pellets
           • (steel)
             • iron, coke, limestone -> blast furnace
               • Heat to 2912 F
                 • iron poured into containers and purified
   • Alloys
     • metals mixed with other metals (not pure)
       • Combines characteristics of metals
         • Brass
         • Bronze
         • Pewter
         • Solder
         • Stainless Steel
   • Types
     • alloys
     • Gold
     • Silver
     • Platinum

5. Plastics (polymers)

   • Synthentic
     • Crude oil
   • Thermoplastics
     • Can be repeatedly heated and set
   • Thermoset plastics
     • Can be heated+set only once, then will burn before melting.
       • poly resin
       • epoxy
       • polyurethane
     • acrylic
     • PVC
     • nylon
   • Bioplastics
     • Biobased
       • made from renewable raw materials
       • Most are biodegradable

6. Advanced

   • Nanomaterials
     • microscale materials
   • Biomaterials
     • the material used in biological manufacturing
       • biocompatible
         • natural
         • synthetic
     • bioactive
       • Interact with biological systems
     • biopassive
       • do not interact with biological systems
   • Smart Materials
     • 'responsive materials'
       • electrical currents
       • light
       • temperature
       • magnetic forces
       • biological forces

7. Ceramics

   • Hardness
   • Strength
   • chem/heat res.
   • brittleness
   • Silicon + Oxygen
     • often a refractory material
       • Retain strength at high temps
     • Often Thermoset

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