Physics 61

Physics 61

1. Structure of the atom

   • The Neulceus
     • Protons
       • Positive Charged
     • Neutrons
       • Neutral Charge
     • Electrons
       • Orbit nucleus
       • Negative
       • same electons as protons
   • Isotpes
     • The number of neutrons change
     • Most elements have stable isotpes
       • Other isotopes are radioactive
         • They start decaying which emit ionising radiaiton

2. Ionising Radiation

   • Alpha
     • Don't penetrate
     • Stops at paper
     • Heavy Nuclei
     • Helium particle is made
       • NOT ATOM
   • Beta
     • Fast, small nuclei
     • moderately penetrating
       • Aluminium
     • Too many neutrons
       • Neutron turns into proton
         • element changes
       • beta particle relased
         • No mass, Charge -1
   • Gamma
     • After releasing alpha or beta particle
       • extra energy is released through gamma waves
     • No mass
     • Penetrate long way
       • Thick lend
     • doesn't change the element

3. Radioactive Elements

   • unstable nuclei want to become stable
   • Strong Force
     • stop the repelling protons
       • stop the atom from flying aprat
     • Doesn't work if large separtion
       • between neutrons and protons
   • Alpha
   • Beta

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