CHAPTER 4: Statistical Inference

CHAPTER 4: Statistical Inference

1. Hypothesis

   • Null hypothesis
   • Alternative hypothesis

2. Hypothesis Testing

   • reject H0
   • fail to reject H0

3. One-sample hypothesis tests

   • One-tailed tests
   • Step 1: Formulate the hypothesis to test by stating null and alternative hypotheses
   • Step 2: Select the significance level
   • Step 3: Select and calculate the test statistics
   • Two-tailed test
   • Step 4: Determine the decision rule
   • Step 5: Draw a conclusion
   • Errors
     • Type I error
     • Type II error

4. Two Sample Hypothesis Tests

   • Independent
     • Samples are selected at random
     • The scores of one samples does not affect the other
   • Dependent
     • Samples are related to each other
     • Occur in two scenarios

5. Analysis of variance

   • To compare the means of more than two independent populations
   • Assumptions of ANOVA
     • 1. are randomly and independently obtained
     • 2. are normally distributed
     • 3.  have equal variances

6. Nonparametric methods: Chi square test of independence

   • To determine two categorical variables are independent
   • Chi square test for independence tests the following hypotheses
     • H0: the two categorical variables are independent – not related
     • H1: the two categorical variables are dependent – related
     • Step 2: expected frequency
     • Step 1: observed frequency
     • Step 3: chi-square statistics

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