Statistical Inference

What the page covers

The resources here follow the usual path of inference. Some deal with sampling and estimation, such as the notes on sampling distributions and the flashcard deck on estimating a population mean from the sample mean. Others cover hypothesis testing, p-values, confidence intervals, t-tests, ANOVA, correlation and regression, and non-parametric methods. A few mention AP Statistics and A-level Psychology.

Where to start

1. Open the Inferential Stats mind map for normal distributions, z-scores and the logic of testing assumptions.
2. Move to the Hypothesis Test mind map, which asks about sample size and whether the population standard deviation is known, then points you to a z or t approach.
3. Read 4. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS for the 90%, 95% and 99% critical values and how a p-value should be read.

Choosing the right test

Once the basics are clear, compare the tests. The t-Test map separates related from unrelated designs and mentions effect size. The ANOVA map covers comparing several means and the F ratio. Flowcharts for the Mann Whitney (U) Test, the Chi-Squared Test (X²), Spearman's Rho (r) Test and the sign test help when the data do not fit a parametric test.

Using quizzes and maps together

Read a map first, then test yourself. The Type 1 and Type 2 type errors quiz and the Non-Parametric Testing quiz are good checks after the related maps. Where an answer goes wrong, return to the map and look at that branch again. Flashcard decks such as Hypothesis Testing and Inferential Statistics flashcards suit short, repeated sessions.

Where it fits

This unit sits in the Statistical Inference strand of Statistics and probability. Teachers can pick maps, quizzes and notes to share with a class. Choose one resource that matches what you are working on today, and see where it leads.