Theorist street map

Theorist street map

1. Attachment Avenue

   • Bowlby
     • Monotropy
       • Maternal deprivation
         • Keyworker
   • Ainsworth
     • Strange Situations
       • Anxious avoidant, securely attached, anxious resistant

2. Social behaviour street

   • Skinner
     • Operant conditioning
       • Positive reinforcement
         • Praise/rewards
           • Leads to repeat in behaviour
   • Pavlov
     • Classical conditioning
       • Learning through association
         • Tidy up song/ Whistle
   • Bandura
     • Social learning theory
       • Imaitation
         • Adults as positive role models

3. Cognitive + Language close

   • Athey
     • Schema- a repeated idea, action, theme of child's play
       • Motor- physical movements, e.g. twirling
         • Symbolic representational level - giving meaning to movement, e.g ballet dancer
           • Functional dependency relationship - relationship between things, e.g. stopping a clockwork mouse from turning
             • Thought- object does not need to be present, e.g. washing machine broken if it doesn't spin
   • Bruner
     • learning through play + exploration
       • Scaffolding, enhancing child's learning through questioning
         • Enactive, physical movements, building towers
           • Iconic, mental images, visual counters, number lines
             • Symbolic, no direct experience, problem solving symbols, reading
   • Vygotsky
     • Zone of actual development - on their own
       • Zone of proximal development - what a child can achieve with the support of an adult/peer
   • Piaget
     • Schemas
       • Assimilation Equilibrium Accommodation Disequilibrium
         • Sensori motor- 0-2 yrs Reflex to coordination object permanance words represent objects
           • Pre-operational - 2-7 yrs Symbolic play, Egocentric Centration, Animism, No conservation
             • Concrete operations- 7-11 yrs can converse mental problems with objects
   • Information Processing
     • Mind is like a computer
       • Encoding- organising + understanding information
         • Storage- holding information
           • Retrieval- recalling information
   • Chomsky
     • LAD- language aquisition device, a structure in the brain that helps to learn language
       • Critical period- language must be learned within 10 years or will struggle to learn

4. Environment Expressway

   • Bronfenbrenner
     • Ecological systems theory - concentric circles
       • Development influenced by the environment
         • Mirco system- family + home Meso system- school, nursery, visiting family
           • Exosystems- parents workplace
             • Macro systems- economy, community, culture, society
               • Chronosystems- history of society + family

5. Moral Maze

   • Piaget
     • Children lack a sense of right + wrong
       • Pre-moral (0-4 yrs) learn right + wrong through their actions and adult reactions to them
         • Moral realism (4-7 yrs/7-11 yrs) child makes decisions based on what they think adults expect of them
   • Kohlberg
     • Pre-conventional 6-13 yrs Stage 1- punishment and obedience, child finds out about right and wrong through actions
       • Stage 2- individualism, instrumental purpose and exchange, child learns some actions are rewarded + avoid behaviour that is punished. By the end of the stage, child enjoys helping people + realises they may be helped in return.

6. Personality + self- esteem place

   • Harter
     • Actual self + ideal self
       • The closer these are the higher the self esteem
         • Cooley
           • Looking glass self
             • How people see us affects our self esteem
           • Avoid over critising
   • Erkison
     • Personality
       • Basic trust vs mistrust - 0-1 Avtonomy vs shame- 2-3 Initiative vs guilt- 4-5 Industry vs inferiority- 6-12
     • Positive comments
       • Opportunities to take risks
         • Unconditional love