MSM

MSM

1. Components of the multi-store model

   • Sensory memory; several stores - eyes, ears, nose, fingers, tongue, etc and corresponding areas of the brain. It's constantly receiving info but most receives no attention. If attention is focused on a store, data is transferred to STM. Attention = first step of remembering something.
   • STM; info held here is in a 'fragile state'. Will decay relatively quickly if not rehearsed. Will also disappear if new info enters STM, displacing the original info - happens because STM has a limited capacity 7(+/- 2).
   • LTM; info gets here through rehearsal. The more something is rehearsed, the more lasting memory it'll be - referred to as maintenance (largely verbal). A&S purposed a direct relationship between rehearsal in STM and strength of LT memory.

2. Evidence for three separate store

   • Sensory store; SPERLING - participants shown grid of digits and letters for 50 milliseconds. Then asked to write down all 12 items OR were told they would hear a tone directly after expose and should write down just that row. When asked to recall everything, recall was poorer - 5 items recalled, 42%. Just the row - 3 items recalled, 75%. Shows rapid decay in sensory store.
   • Serial position effect; GLANZER AND CUNITZ - support for distinction of STM and LTM. Gave participants list of 20 words, presented at same time, then asked to recall any remembered words. Tending to remember words at the start of the list (the primary effect) and from the end of the list (recency effect). Primary effect occurs because first words are best rehearsed and transferred to LTM. Recency effect occurs because they're still in STM when people start recalling the list.
   • Areas of the brain associated with STM and LTM; evidence of separate stores for STM and LTM is through brain scanning (e.g. PET scans and fMRI scans). They can take pictures of which part of the brain at active while doing certain tasks. Research shown that the prefrontal cortex is active when working on a task in STM (BEARDSLEY), whereas the hippocampus is active when LTM is engaged (SQUIRE ET AL).
   • Case studies; HM (SCOVILLE and MILNER). Brain damage caused by an operation to remove the hippocampus in order to reduce severe epilepsy, intellect was intact but was no longer able to form new LTM's, but could remember things from before the surgery. Suggesting hippocampus may function as a memory gateway through which new memories musy pass before entering permanent storage in the brain for everything that's happened since.

3. RWA; valuable insights into memory deficits that accompany brain damage.

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