human geography population

human geography population

1. 1.3

   • migration
     • migration is a type of mobility
       • mobility varies with scale and time
         • emigrant-person leaving a country
         • immigrant-person entering a country
         • gross migration- total number of migrants moving into and out of an area
         • net migration- arrivals minus departures
         • refugee- person forced to migrate due to fear of persecution or climate
         • push and pull factors into and out of an area
     • Push-pull model
       • potential push factors
         • population pressure
         • poor infastrucutre
         • inadequet job oppourtunities
         • bad educational chances
         • poor healthcare
         • ecological issues
         • natural disasters
         • social compulsions
       • potential pull factors
         • better living standard
         • better healthcare and availability of services
         • higher wages
         • quality of education
         • future prospects
         • varied employment
       • people migrate based on perception, they create a mental map and decide whether to go or not
     • Lees model
       • improved the push pull model by suggesting there are benefits and downfalls to both source and destination
         • also mentions intervening obstacles eg distance
           • Ravenstiens law of migration
             • most migration is short distance
               • long distance migration usually towards larger cities
                 • rural people more likely to migrate than urban
                   • females move more than males
                     • more migrants are adults
                       • mostly between 20-34
             • often happens in a step by step manner
               • have reverse flows too
                 • large towns grow more by migration than natural increase
                   • volume of migration grows as industrialisation progresses
                     • major flows from agricultural to industrialised regions
                       • major cause of migration is economic
                         • urban housing development inadequate for influx of migrants so ghettos and shanties form
             • made in 1880's, still applicable to UK?
     • Zipfs inverse distance law
       • volume of migrants decreases with distance from origin, also known as distance decay
       • gravity law
         • larger towns more attractive to immigrants than smaller ones
         • so its not just distance between places that determines migration but also size...
           • further developed by Stouffers law of intervening distances
             • number of migrants moving from one town (a) to another (b) is directly related to opportunities available at b but inversely proportional to number of intervening opportunities between a and b
               • so if there's loads of opportunities between a and b there will be less migration between a and b
         • Zelinsky
           • might be a pattern in migration as there is with demographic transition
             • pre industrial society, little residential migration and limited movement between areas
               • early transitional stage considerable rural urban migration and colonization of new lands with associated growth of longer distance migration
                 • third stage rural urban migration continues and urban growth is rapid, lots of migration between cities
                   • fourth stage, rural urban migration may continue but at remarkably reduced rate, residential migration may remain high in terms of suburbanisation and between cities. some immigration of unskilled workershigh trained professional workers may be exchanged between countries as a result of multi national companies
                     • fifth stage advanced societies have almost exclusively inter or intra urban migration although new technology will reduce will reduce need for migration, less need for some types of circulation such as long distance journeys to work mobility between and within countries may be affected by state legislation

2. 1.1

   • demographic transition model
     • stage 1
       • isolated amazon tribes

3. 1.4

   • asylum seekers and refugees
     • Zimbabwe to UK