TEACHING READING

TEACHING READING

1. PRINCIPLES:

   • THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH: It refers tha in the field of the SLA there is no dominant paradigm in the teaching of languages .
     • It has been realisednthat never was and never will be a method for all. ( Nunan 1991:228)
     • Many reading methods are still used as a "vehicle for the introduction of new vocabulary and/or structures. ( McDonough and <shaw, 1993:103)
   • AUTHENTICITY: How the reader responds to the tesxt.
     • Genuinennes: "Characteristic of the text itself and is abosolut quality". (Widdowson 1978:80)
     • Authenticity: "Relationship between the passage and the reader and the appropiate response" (Widdowson 1978:80)
   • TYPES OF QUESTION: Widdowson divided questions into four types
     • WH questions which begin with a wh... word
     • Polar questions: can be answered by going outside the text
     • Truth assessment: true, feasible
     • Multiple choice: SS choose from a possible number of answers.
   • A TOP-DOWN BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
     • TOP-DOWN STRATEGIES::Use cues to acquire global understanding.
     • BOTTOM-UP STRATEGIES Decode step by step from words and phrases.
   • AN ACTIVE PROCESS
     • Reading is a constant process of guessing, hypothesing, anticipating, confirming and predicting in whic the kenowledge "one brings to the text isoften more impportant than what one finds in it" (Grellet 1981:7)

2. ACTIVITIES found in current reading materials in ELT (Greenall and Swan's 1986:3-5)

   • Extracting main ideas (Skimming) Understanding main ideas.
   • Reading for specific information (Scamming) Looking for information neddes to perform a task
   • Understanding the texts organization: recognising how sentences are joined to make paragraphs, how paragraphs and how paragrephs form the passage.
   • Predicting: to see what information is new to you and what information you already know.
   • Inferring: Suggested information indirectly
   • Checking comprehention: Examination skill to findinformation.
   • Dealing with unfemiliar words:Guessing a wor or expression by looking for clues in the context.
   • Linking ideas: Seeing how different words are related to the same ideas.
   • Understanding a writer's style:Appreciate why a writer chooses a certain word or expression.
   • Evaluating the text:Develop reader's critical faculties.
   • Reading to the text: Practice to separate what the writer says from what the reader thinks.
   • Writing summaries: To write accurate summaries requires accurate comprehension of the passage.

3. INTEGRATION READING: The more natural the combination of skills, the more genuine the learning experience becomes.

4. READING: Effective reading means being able to read accurately and efficiently, and to be able to understand as much of a passage as you need in order to achive your purpose. (Greenall and Swan 1986: 2)

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