Countries and migration

Countries and migration

1. Countries of origin, transit and destination

   • In migration, there is an important classification of countries: countries of Origin, are the places where it was born and places where migration begins, transit countries, are the intermediate places on the road between the country of origin and the country of destination, that is, where they temporarily focus to follow their migration.
   • Destination Countries are places that where people want to emigrate (leaving a place of origin for socio-economic reasons in search of a better quality of life, employment and income – a better place).
   • Countries of origin present intense departure of people. It is known that 48 countries with a 1,5 million population show an average of 18,4% of emigrants. Most of these countries of origin are less developed countries.

2. The case of Ecuador

   • Because of the fact that different countries have had, lack of employment and armed conflicts, making the decision for foreign citizens to decide to leave their countries and see Ecuador as an opportunity to find better days.
   • In 2017, about 1 608 000 foreigners entered Ecuador, making Ecuador more successful, in economic and tourism partners.
   • . Approximately 400,000 people from other countries, mainly from Colombia, Peru and Venezuela live in Ecuador.

3. Migration policies

   • The States have two areas of responsibilities: first, on the fulfillment of the rights of the people who live in the country, which also extends to the international sphere; the second has to do with state security.
   • These two fields are sometimes in contradiction and, in general, the second prevails. In the name of national security, people's rights are violated.

4. Human rights and migration

   • Human rights are principles and norms that seek to respect the dignity of people and protect them from abuses of power. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is law for all countries, there are several articles related to mobility.
   • It is established that everyone has the rights, without any distinction, such as national origin or place of birth (art. 2), to move freely and to choose their residence in the territory of a State (art. 13); to asylum (art. 14); to have nationality and change it (art. 15); to an international order where rights are effectively fulfilled (art. 28).

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