SUMP UP UNIT 5

SUMP UP UNIT 5

1. CONDITIONALS

   • Conditionals are complex sentences
     • Independent sentence + conjunction + dependent sentence
     • Conjunction + dependent sentence + comma + independent sentence.
   • Posibility in real terms or situation
     • Zero conditional
       • 100% certain
       • Condition + certain outcome
         • if clause (verb in present) + , + certain result (verb in present
         • Certain result + if clause
       • Facts
     • First conditional
       • Posible outcome
       • Condition + likely outcome
         • If + subject + base form verb + complement + , + subject + will + complement
         • Subject + will + complement + if + subject + base form verb + complement.
       • Events that might happen
   • MEANINGS
     • A real possibility
       • Conditional first: Condition + likely outcome
         • If/When + present + , + possible result (will/could/might/may + verb in base form)
           • If you attack a person during a protest, the police might arrest you.
     • A rule or premise
       • If/When + present + , + certain result (verb in present, will/must/have to or imperative sentence)
         • If any authority violates your rights of expression, talk to a lawyer .
     • Advice or reccomendation
       • If/When + present + , + advice (imperative sentence or modal verb should)
         • Wear comfortable shoes if you walk a lot during a protest.
     • Real conditionals
       • Expresses real possibility
       • Present tense verb
         • Present time
       • Future tense verb
         • Future time
           • Will
     • Ureal conditionals
       • Expresses low or unrealistic possibility
       • Present and future time
         • Past tense verb
       • Would
         • Could
       • We never use "will"
       • Be verbs
         • Use were
       • If + Subject + Past tense verb + complement + , + Subject + would/could + present tense verb + complement
         • Never use "would" in the "if-" clause

2. SECOND CONDITIONAL

   • Hipothetical situations
     • If + subject + past simple verb + complement + , + subject + Would/Could + infinitive verb + complement
       • If I exceed the speed limit, I’d be fined.
     • Subject + Would/Could + infinitive verb + complement + If + subject + past simple verb + complement
       • I’d go to jail if I didn’t pay taxes.

3. Scholary Article

   • Title
   • Authors
   • Current URL
   • Hypothesis,
   • Results
   • Publisher information
   • Journal information
   • APA refererence
     • Author's surname, name's initial. (Year). Title Journal. Volume (number). First page-last page

4. CAUSE AND EFFECT PARAGRAPH

   • Cause
     • Action that triggers another action
       • Words
         • So/ Therefore/Consequently/As a result Causes/results in/is the reason for Because of/As a result of
   • Effect
     • Result or consequence of a causal action