Atom Models

Atom Models

1. Democritu's model

   • Democritus' atomic model proposed that all matter is composed of indivisible and eternal particles, called atoms, which move in a vacuum
     • 400 Bc

2. Rutherford model

   • Rutherford describes an atom with a small, dense, positively charged central nucleus with electrons surrounding it.
     • 1911

3. Dalton's model

   • Dalton's atomic model, known as the "billiard ball" model, describes the atom as a massive, indivisible, and indestructible sphere
     • 1803

4. Thomson's model

   • Thomson describes the atom as a sphere of positive charge in which electrons are embedded, similar to raisins in a pudding
     • 1897

5. Bohr model

   • Bohr model describes the atom with a central nucleus and with electrons orbiting in defined shells or energy levels without losing energy
     • 1913

6. Quantum model

   • describes the atom with electrons distributed in an "electronic cloud" and not in defined orbits, based on quantum mechanics and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which states that it is impossible to simultaneously know the position and velocity of an electron with precision
     • (current)

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