Biological rhythems

Biological rhythems

1. Infradian

   • Cycles that are longer then 24 hours like the menstrual cycle

2. Ultradian

   • Cycles that happen under 24 ours like sleep

3. Menstrual cycle

   • Reinberg documented the menstrual cycle of a women that lived in a cave 3 months in dim light
     • Findings: Her menstrual cycle shorted, however outside factor might be why people change.
     • Russell et al found womens periods started to synchronise after smelling sweat from womens arm pits.

4. Sleep

   • Sleep time line
     • Stage 1: 15 minuets, the theta waves take over the Alpha waves. as the body starts to slow.
     • Stage 2: breathing + heart rate and body temperature decreases. and spindles come through.
       • Sleep spindes are to refresh the memory and last 0.5 seconds.
     • Stage 3: Deep sleep begins and there are slower waves
     • Stage 4: 40 minuets, Delta waves are produced as well as heart rate are its lowest and limited muscle movement
     • REM: The is when there is completetly paralyses of the person only the eyes move, this is when most of the dreaming happens
     • Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4, Stage 2, REM, 2,3,4,2,REM,2,3,4,2,REM
   • Theories
     • Ecological: it is the survival of the fittest, sleep been adaptive behaviour.
       • Predator Avoidance: where the predator sleep longer as they have less to worry about like if something is going to eat them. Pray sleep when they are not so vulnerable
       • Energy Conservation (Webb): These when sleep is to conserve energy at time when we don't need to be awake.
     • Restoration
       • Physiological: During SWS sleep the body makes repairs. Stern and Morgane the normal function of REM is to restore levels of neurotransmitters.
       • Psychological: Berry and Webb found people who sleep well during the night where less anxiet the next day then the people who had poor sleep.

5. Endogenous pacemakers

   • Michel Siffre
     • Spent 6 months underground and his sleep/wake cycle changed to 25-30 hour suggesting endogenouse factors as well as exgenouse factors effect out cycles for sleep.
   • Campbell and Murphy
     • 15 volunteers slept in a lab and then woken at different times with a light shone behind their knee, suggesting that blood may carry messengers about light.

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