13-3

13-3

1. Church in middle ages

   • secular power
   • fought long and hard wars to protect the papal states
   • always plotting land and interests
   • indulgences
     • money for forgiveness
     • pay the church, reduces amount of time spent in purgatory
     • used to be granted only for good deeds, now could be bought
       • by the 1400s
       • manipulative
   • Wycliffe and Huss
     • preached reform
       • ideas persisted after death

2. Martin Luther

   • german monk and professor
   • Wittenberg, Germany
     • 1517
     • John Tetzel
       • priest
       • set up a pulpit, starts to sell indulgences
       • wants to raise money to rebuild st peters cathedral in rome
     • Luther understood that Tetzel was saying poor couldn't get into heaven
       • problem for luther
     • wrote the 95 theses
       • no more indulgences
       • claimed pope didn't have authority to release souls from purgatory
       • christians should be saved by faith alone
       • all christians had = access to god through faith and bible

3. Fallout of 95 theses

   • due to the printing press, his ideas spread like wildfire
   • this emboldened him, getting him to make more radical doctrines/ideas
     • claimed church could only be reformed by secular authorities
       • all parts of church are corrupt and only a non member can come in and fix it
     • urged christians to reject roman authority
   • later that year, charles v summoned luther to the diet of worms
     • wanted luther to recant, but he refuses
     • made luther an outlaw
       • it was a crime for anyone to give him food or shelter
     • too little too late, because he already had many supporters
   • in 1521 luther was excommunicated
   • Luther's followers began to call themselves protestant because they protested papal authority
   • reasons for supporting luther
     • saw as opportunity to throw off church rule and papal authority
     • opp. to seize church prop
     • feelings of national authority
       • church wanted money from across europe to help vatican

4. theses led to violence

   • peasants revolt in 1504
     • called to an end of serfdom and other changes in their harsh lives
     • didn't support this revolt, so nobles came and slaughtered the peasants