2.1 Structure of RNA and DNA

2.1 Structure of RNA and DNA

1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores genetic information

2. RNA (ribonucleic acid) transfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes

   • Ribosomes formed from RNA and proteins

3. Nucleotide Structure

   • RNA
     • Ribose sugar
     • Phosphate group
     • 1 of 4 different bases
       • Cytosine
       • Guanine
       • Adenine
       • Uracil
   • DNA
     • Pentose sugar
     • Phosphate group
     • 1 of 4 different bases
       • cytosine
       • Guanine
       • Adenine
       • Thymine

4. Nucleotides Join together to form Polynucleotides

   • A dinucleotide is formed in a condensation reaction between the sugar of one mononucleotide, and the phosphate group of another. The bond between them is a PHOSPHODIESTER bond
   • Chain of sugars and phosphates = sugar-phosphate backbone

5. DNA Structure

   • 2 DNA polynucleotide stands join together by hydrogen bonding between the bases
     • 2 H bonds between Adenine and Thymine
     • 3 H bonds between Cytosine and Guanine
   • Each base only joins with one partner - complementary base pairing
     • Adenine and Thymine
     • Cytosine and Guanine
   • Two antiparallel polynucleotide strands twist to form double helix

6. RNA structure

   • single polynucleotide chain
   • shorter than most DNA polynucleotides

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