volcaneo's

volcaneo's

1. monitoring volcaneos

   • tiltmeters- monitoring changes in the shape of a volcano's
   • seismometers- measuring the increase in earthquake activity
   • remote sensing- satellites monitoring temperature and gas emissions.

2. composite

   • example: mt. st. Helens
   • found on destructive plate margin
   • cone-shaped with steep sloped sides

3. shield

   • found on constructive plate margin and hotspots
   • cone shape with genially sloping sides

4. case studies

   • mt. st. Helens
     • primary effects
       • 63 people were killed.
       • pyroclastic flow destroyed forests and logging camps.
     • secondary effects
       • flooding destroyed communications
       • settlements carried down stream
     • on a destructive plate margin
     • erupted in may, 1980
     • this was a large eruption that blew up though the top of the volcano and the side.
   • montserrat
     • eruption between 1995 and 1997
     • on destructive plate margin
     • primary effects
       • pyroclastic flow burned buildings and trees.
       • ash buried over two-thirds of the island
       • 60% of houses destroyed
     • secondary effects
       • farming was impossible because fields were burnt under ash.
       • coral reef died under ash that washed into the sea
       • hospital and schools closed

5. super volcaneo's

   • very rare.
   • found on destructive plate boundary and hotspots
   • caldera, that can be 40 miles wide. the caldera is a sunken crater
   • if it exploded:
     • ash would fall world wide
     • would cause global cooling
   • example: Yellowstone.

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