Oceans as a resource

1. Oil

   Nota:

   • Continental shelf. Persian Gulf: 66% world's oil reserves. Arguably the most important source of energy worldwide. Countries that possess oil have a great degree of political power.
2. Gas

   Nota:

   • Continental shelf. Persian Gulf: 33% world's gas reserves. One of the world's most valuable sources of energy.

1. Gold

   Nota:

   • Ocean floor.
2. Manganese

   Nota:

   • Ocean floor. Nodules on abyssal plain.
3. Silver
4. Copper
5. Tin
6. Titanium
7. Cobalt

1. Diamonds

   Nota:

   • Continental shelf off Africa and Indonesia.
2. Sulphur

   Nota:

   • Ocean ridges & rift valleys.
3. Sand

   Nota:

   • Continental shelf.
4. Gravel

   Nota:

   • Continental shelf.

Nota:

• Overfishing of popular fish species has become an issue. Unsustainable fishing is brought about through the use of trawlers and the accumulation of bycatch. Line and pole fishing has been encouraged by NGOs to avoid catching the wrong fish. Dolphins, sharks, and even whales have been known to get caught in trawler nets.

1. Red snapper
2. Cod

1. Shrimp

Nota:

• Much of the world's connection to the internet is still maintained by cables between continents. Disruptions in these cables could have catastrophic effects to the world's economic systems, which nowadays are almost entirely run by computers communicating with each other.