Overview

Overview

Nervous System
1. Central
  1. Brain
    1. Forebrain
    2. Midbrain
    3. Hindbrain
  2. Spinal cord
2. Peripheral
  1. Sensory
  2. Autonomic
    1. Sympathetic (arousing)
    2. Parasympathetic (calming)
Two types of cell
1. Nerve cells - neurons
  1. Convey information
  2. Anatomy
    1. a) Dendrites - input
    2. b) Soma (cell body) - decision making
    3. c) Axon hillock - initiation of action potential
    4. d) Axon - transmits action potential
    5. e) Axon terminals - multiple endings
    6. f) Synapses - communication
  3. Classification
    1. Shape
    2. Role
      1. Sensory
      2. Motor
      3. Interneurons
2. Glial cells
  1. Support, help convey information
  2. Can be divided into macroglia and microglia
    1. Macroglia
      1. Oligodendrocytes
        Myelinating in CNS
      2. Astrocytes
      3. Schwann cells
        Myelinating in PNS
    2. Microglia
      1. Macrophages
  3. Functions
    1. Scaffolding for neuronal migration and axonal outgrowth
    2. Structural support, like connective tissue in other organs
    3. Neurotransmitter clearance
    4. Insulation
      1. Between cells and around axons
    5. Clean up
      1. After injury or death - remove debris
    6. Chemical and electrical buffers
      1. K+ concentraion
    7. Form blood-brain barrier
    8. Nutritive role - growth factors or proteins necessary for neuronal function
    9. Can regulate neuronal signalling - thus effect information storing
    10. Neuroglia - CNS
      1. Ependymal cells
        Line central canal and ventricles of the brain
        Cuboid cells but have no basement membrane
        Have beating cilia when lining the ventricles
        Specialised ependymal cells participate in the secretion of Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

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