DISTILLATION

DISTILLATION

1. SIMPLE DISTILLATION IS USED TO SEPARATE MIXTURES THAT CONTAIN LIQUIDS

   • THERE IS SIMPLE DISTILLATION
     • SIMPLE DISTILLATION IS USED TO SEPARATE OUT SOLUTIONS
       • 1. POUR YOUR SAMPLE OF SEAWATER INTO THE DISTILLATION FLASK
         • SET UP THE APPARATUS AS SHOWN IN THE DIAGRAM
           • CONNECT THE BOTTOM OF THE CONDENSER TO A COLD TAP USING RUBBER TUBING. RUN COLD WATER THROUGH THE CONDENSER TO KEEP IT COOL FOR CONDENSATION
             • GRADUALLY HEAT THE DISTILLATION FLASK. THE PART OF THE SOLUTION THAT HAS THE LOWEST BOILING POINT WILL EVAPORATE -- IN THIS CASE THAT'S THE WATER
               • THE WATER VAPOUR PASSES INTO THE CONDENSER WHERE IT COOLS AND CONDENSERS ( TURNS BACK INTO A LIQUID ) IT THEN FLOWS INTO THE BEAKER WHERE IT IS COLLECTED
                 • EVENTUALLY YOU WILL END UP WITH JUST THE SALT LEFT IN THE FLASK AND THE PURE WATER IN THE BEAKER
     • THE ONLY ISSUE WITH SIMPLE DISTILLATION IS THAT YOU CAN ONLY USE IT TO SEPARATE THINGS WITH VERY DIFFERENT BOILING POINTS YOU NEED ANOTHER METHOD TO DO IT WITH SUBSTANCES THAT HAVE SIMILAR BOILING POINTS ....... FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
   • THERE IS FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
     • 1. PUT YOUR MIXTURE IN THE FLASK. ATTACH A FRACTIONATING COLUMN AND CONDENSER ABOVE THE FLASK AS SHOWN
       • 2. GRADUALLY HEAT THE FLASK. THE DIFFERENT LIQUIDS WILL ALL HAVE DIFFERENT BOILING POINTS - SO THEY EVAPORATE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
         • 3. THE LIQUID WITH THE LOWEST BOILING POINT EVAPORATES FIRST, WHEN THE TEMPERATURE ON THE THERMOMETER MATCHES THE BOILING POINT OF THIS LIQUID IT WILL REACH THE TOP OF THE COLUMN
           • 4. LIQUIDS WITH HIGHER BOILING POINTS MIGHT ALSO START TO EVAPORATE. BUT THE COLUMN IS COOLER TOWARDS THE TOP, SO THEY WILL ONLY GET PART OF THE WAY UP BEFORE THEY BECOME CONDENSED AGAIN AND GO RUNNING BACK DOWN THE FLASK
             • WHEN THE FIRST LIQUID HAS BEEN COLLECTED, RAISE THE TEMPERATURE UNTIL THE NEXT ONE REACHES THE TOP

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