CASE STUDY: SPAIN

CASE STUDY: SPAIN

1. The different types of migration to Spain:

   • The largest group of migrants to Spain is from Morocco in North Africa.
   • Migrants are also from Ecuador and other parts of South America, this is because of Spain's historical, social and cultural links with South America in the past.
   • Many migrants are also from the EU, this includes large numbers of skilled workers, business people and retired people from the UK.
   • Spain also tends to accept seasonal workers from outside the EU where they may get permissions to work for up to six months, these jobs are usually categorised under the 3D's. These members come as members of the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme (SAWS) an EU scheme.

2. Pull factors:

   • As Spain is part of the EU it seems to suggest that countries are generally much better off than other countries such as Estonia or Bulgaria.
   • The standard of living in Spain tend to be high, as lifestyle tends to be more relaxed with the 'holiday atmosphere'.
   • The housing prices and cost of living tends to be cheaper than in the UK.
   • As it is a growing tourist destination, it has many business opportunities.
   • Better weather is guaranteed.

3. Positive effects on Spain:

   • Nearly 65% of immigrants to spain are aged between 16-44, so the majority of them are able to contribute to the Spanish economy. This is extremely important as it helps balance out the ageing population and the low fertility rate.
   • There is increased spending in the local economy and retired people tend be highly affluent.
   • There is job creation in construction, retail and other services due to the increased demand for services.

4. Negative effects on Spain:

   • In some areas where the retired people have settled (e.g. Alicante) they have not integrated with the local community and instead live in isolated enclaves with little social contact with local people.
   • The increased population around the coast is putting extra strain on resources especially on water which is limited. This may be due to the increased demand for swimming pools etc.
   • House prices become too high for the local people.