Settlement Change

Settlement Change

1. 2.1a

   • Different functions of a settlement.
     • Residential
       • What is the function of a residential settlement?
         • A settlement that gives people a place to live.
     • Market centres
       • A settlement that provides services.
     • Administration
       • A settlement that employ a large number of civil servants.
     • Strategic
       • A settlement that is built due to its physical geography.
         • For example, high relief for defensive purposes.
         • Another example is a settlement in between meander bends to slow down attackers.
     • Industrial
       • A type of settlement that provides people secondary sector jobs.
     • Tourist resorts
       • Settlements that provide a wide range of services for people .
   • How a function of a settlement changes overtime (an example)
     • Aberfan - When the village was first sited, it was an agricultural settlement. During the industrial revolution, it had functioned as a coal mining settlement. There were still farmworkers, but the majority of the population worked in the mines. In 1989, the coal mine closed and the function has changed into a residential settlement.

2. 2.1b

   • Effects of rural depopulation
     • What are the social, economical, and environmental changes/effects of rural depopulation? (with examples)
   • Social, economic, and environmental changes of counter-urbanisation
     • Counter-urbanisation
       • What are the social, economical, and environmental changes/effects of counter-urbanisation? (with examples)
         • There might be tension that arises between the locals and the newcomers in the area.
         • Local schools will have an influx of pupils, increasing economy.
         • A large proportion of people moving to rural areas still have work in urban areas, and therefore might increase traffic in rural roads.
         • At day, the rural areas may become a 'ghost town'.
         • Many commuters still shop in urban areas, therefore they do not support local businesses in their area.
         • Abandoned buildings will be turned to habitable dwellings, which can improve the look and atmosphere of the area, appealing more to investors.
         • Some local services are supported by newcomers.

3. 2.2a

   • How and why is the land use in the UK changing?
     • People are marrying later in life - the average age for marriage has gone up from 24 in 1960 to 30 in 2010.
     • There are now higher rates of divorce, which means that they would be needing 2 smaller houses instead of a larger home.
     • Ageing population means that there are more people needing settlements.
     • The population of the UK is increasing, which means that more people would be demanding for houses.
     • Younger people can now afford to buy their own homes than live with their parents.
     • Also, younger people can now buy houses on a 100% mortgage, whereas 20 years ago, they had to pay a 10% deposit.

4. 2.2b

   • Reasons for the need of more housing
   • Consequences of the need of more housing
     • Development of greenfield sites, so the need of more housing leads to urban sprawl.
       • Urban sprawl is the urbanisation of the just outside an urban area.
     • Development of 'gated suburbs'.

5. 2.2c

   • What are the consequences of deindustrialisation?
   • What are the consequences of redeveloping brownfield areas?

6. 2.2d

   • Advantages and disadvantages of a brownfield site.
   • Advantages and disadvantages of a greenfield site.

7. 2.3a

   • What are the reasons for rapid growth in LICs?
     • General Points
       • Lack of jobs in rural areas have forced the population to live in urban areas.
       • Salaries are generally lower in rural areas, and higher in urban areas.
       • There is a perception of a better life in urban areas, including education.
       • There is the growth of TNCs providing jobs in urban areas.
   • What are the effects of rapid growth in LICs?
     • Cairo, Egypt
       • It is home to 25% of the whole of Egypt's population.
       • The rapid increase of population has caused house shortages, making people live in shanty dwellings. An example of this is 'the city of the dead', which is a cemetery habited by 30,000 - 1,000,000 people, People live there illegally because they have nowhere else to live.
       • Noise pollution is well above acceptable levels according the World Health Organisation. Noise of night clubs, calling to prayers and traffic noise make up only some of the background noise in Cairo.

8. 2.3b

   • What are the reasons for rapid growth in a named LIC?