Chemistry topic 1

Chemistry topic 1

1. What atoms are/structure

   • Everything is made up of small particles called Atoms.
   • Structure
     • The nucleus also contains protons that are positive.
     • The nucleus also contains neutrons which are neutral.
     • The center of the atom contains a nucleus
     • Electrons move around the atoms shells and are negative

2. Sub atomic Particles

   • Protons
     • Relative atomic mass: 1
       • Charge; Positive
   • Neutrons
     • Relative atomic mass: 1
       • Charge: Neutral
   • Electrons
     • Relative atomic mass: 1/1836
       • Charge: Negative

3. Isotopes

   • Atoms of an element can have a different amount of neutrons
   • Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. The different isotopes of an element have identical chemical properties. However, some isotopes are radioactive.

4. Chemical Equations

   • Balanced symbol equations show what happens to the different atoms in reactions. For example, copper and oxygen react together to make copper oxide.
   • They should be balanced.
   • Subscripts
     • sodium oxide, there are two sodium atoms for every oxygen atom, so we show its formula as Na(Subscript 2)O. Notice that the '2' is written as a subscript, so Na2O would be wrong.
   • Superscripts
     • This is wheen you add the number at the front of compounds and elements to make sure they are balanced.

5. Mixtures

   • A mixture is made from different substances that are not chemically joined.
   • Seperation techniques
     • Simple Distilations
     • Fractional distillation
     • Paper Chromotography

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