Linking Words

Linking Words

1. Words and phrases meaning: and, but and so

   • But
     • Still
       • However
         • Neverthless/Allthe same
       • Onthe other hand
   • And
     • too/as well
       • also
         • Besides
           • Furthermore
       • In adittion
   • So
     • therefore
     • Consequently/As a result

2. Other linking words and phrases

   • Rephrasing
     • In other words
   • Contradicting
     • On the contrary
   • Changing the subject
     • By the way
   • Supporting a statement
     • After all
   • Picking up a topic
     • Taking of
   • Correcting yourself
     • I mean/ Or rather
   • Dismissing something
     • Anyway
   • Giving an example
     • for example/for instance

3. We use these words to express a condition

   • If
   • Unless
   • In case

4. Reason

   • Because
   • Since
   • Because of
   • due to
   • Owing to
   • In view of

5. To express the reason for something

   • Because

6. To express the result of something

   • So

7. We use these words to express purpose

   • To
   • In order to
   • So thet

8. Although

   • Contrast two ideas or situations
   • Informally we can use thought in te same way
     • Though can also go at the end

9. While

   • To contrast two aspects of the same thing or similar things
     • (Al)though is also possible here

10. However

    • When the contrast is expressed in a separate sentence
    • We use comma to separate however from the rest of the sentence

11. Despite/ In spite of

    • With a noun to express concession or contrast
      • If we use these preposicion with a clause, we have to include "the fact that"

12. But , although and spite of

    • To express the idea of contrast

13. Relative clauses

    • Concessive clauses
      • Introduces an unexpected idea or suggest some contrast with information expressed in the main clause
        • Although and though, even though, even if, in spite of and despite, while, whereas
          • Even though an even if emphasis to the contrast already expressed
    • In order to express adittional information
      • We need to use relative pronuons top avoid repetition
        • Who, whose, that, whom, which, why, when, where
      • Defining relative clauses
        • Non-definig relative clauses
          • Give aditional information that is not relevant, are but between commas, object pronuons canm be omitted
        • We do not use commas, give detailed information, object pronuons can be omitted

14. Whereas, while and on the other hand

    • We use these words to express a comparison between two ideas

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