Physiology

Physiology

1. rapid coordinator

2. sensory signals

   • receptors and
     • afferent
       • integrated within cNS and efferent and respond

3. CNS

   • cell body cell membrane dentiritis Axon oligodentricyt nod sheath synapse
   • central*
     • brain the spinal cord
     • the brain
     • the spinal cord
       • No autonomical of segmentation can be seen in on the surface of spinal cord
       • Devided into segments
         • From each of which arises a pair of spinal cords
           • 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumber 5 sacral segments 1 coccygeal
   • the prepheral
     • cranial and spinal
       • • cranial
           • 12 pair originated from brain Each pair has a name and number from 1:12
           • They may contain only sensory fibers or motor fibers or mixed
         • spinal
           • To each segment of the spinal cord, One pair of spinal nerves is attached
     • afferent and efferent
     • Afferent or sensory
       • Carries nerves impulses from the periphery to the central N. S
       • Inform the CNS about the external and external world through receptors that are sensory to stimuli such as light sound tembrature pressure
         • Receptors are specialized structures at the termination of afferent fibers
     • Efferent or motor fibers
       • They carry nerve impulses from central NS to muscels, glands, and other organs

4. Ns

   • somatic
     • It's the function on the basis of a reflex arc to affect on activities skeletal muscle is voluntary muscles
   • Autonomic
     • like somatic NS it's organised on the basis of the reflex arc but control the involuntary plane muscles the heart and secreting glands

5. ganglia

   • paravertebral sympathetic chain
     • on both sides on the vertebral columnis ganglion for each segment of the spinal cord except the cervical region
     • There are only three ganglia
       • superior middle inferior
     • the gp for the sympathetic relay on
   • collateral
     • Present mid way between the spinal cord and viscera الاحشاءat the origin of of the big vessels from abdominal aorta
     • Named according to the vessel coeliac , superior and inferior mesenteric المساريقا ganglia
     • These are for relay of lower thoracicand lumber preganglionic sympathetic fibers
   • terminal
     • Present very near or in the visceral organ itself
     • They are for the relay of cranial and the pelvic الحوضي parasympathatic
     • • The postganglionic fibers are very short 1mmto several Cm s

6. NS

   • sympathetic
     • fight
     • flight
     • fright
     • Originated from the lateral horn cells of all thoracic and 3 lumber segments of spinal cord
     • Function Head and neck (eye skin cerebral circulate) Thorax (heart lung) Abdomen (GIT blood vessels liver spleen adrenal medulla) Pelvis (Git urinary bladder male genital organs)
   • parasympathatic
     • rest
     • digest

7. sympathetic

   • head and neck
     • The preganglionic neurons originated in the lateral horn of the first and the second thoracic segments
     • They ascend يصعد to synapse تشابك عصبي in the cervical ganglia
     • The post ganglionic fibers run in the outer coat (sheath) of the blood vessels to the various structures
   • eye