Linking words- Dayana Dlm

Linking words- Dayana Dlm

1. To, In order to, So that and For

   • 1. Introduction
     • We use to, in order to, so that and for to express purpose, to say we do things.
   • 2. To
     • We can use the to-infinitive to express purpose
       • Melanie was hurrying to catch her bus. Most people work to earn money. I rang to find out the train times.
   • 3. In order to and so as to
     • In order to and so as to are more formal than to.
       • The goverment took these measures in order to reduce crime.
     • We can use the negative in order not to or so as not to.
       • Melanie was hurrying in order not to miss her bus.
   • 4. So that
     • After So that we use a subject and verb.
       • I'll post the card today so that it gets there on Daniel's birthday.
     • We often use will or can for present purpose and would or could for a past purpose.
       • I'll give you a map so that you can find/ I gave Nick a map so that he could find
   • 5. To or for?
     • We can use for with a noun to say why we do something.
       • The whole family have gone out for a bike ride. Why don't you came over for a coffee?
     • To talk abot the porpuse of a thing.
       • This heater is to keep/for keeping the pants warm in winter.
     • But we do not use for+ an ing-form to talk about a specific situation.
       • I put the heateron to keep the pants warm. NOT I put the heater on for keeping the plants warm.

2. Review of linking words

   • 1. Time words
     • When, While, A soon as, etc.
       • M leg hurts when I walk.
       • Mark heard the news on the radio as/while he was driving home.
       • We're going to tidy up after everyone's gone.
       • As soon as Laura had left the house, it started to rain.
   • 2. If unless and in case
     • We use these words to express a condition.
     • Rachel might buy a car if she passes her test.
     • You won't learn to use a keyboard properly unless you practise.
   • 3. But, although and in spite of
     • We use these words to express the idea of a contrast.
     • The jacket was nice, but it was too small for me.
     • Although the forecast said it eould rain, it turned out to be a beautiful day.
   • 4. Reason
     • The match has been cancelled because of the weather.
     • The shop was closed due to illness.
     • Owing to its remote situation, the village has no electricity supply.
   • 5. Because and so
     • We use because to express the reason of something and so to express the result of something.
     • I turned the heating on because it was cold. It was cold, so I turned my heating on.
   • 6. To, in order to and so that
     • We use these words to express purpose.
     • Sarah went to Birmingham to meet a client.

3. But, Although, in spite of, whereas, etc.

   • But, Although and however
     • These words express contrast or conflict between two ideas.
       • Nick has a car but he doesn't drive it. Although Nick has a car, he doesn't drive it
   • Though, even though
     • Though is informal. It means the same as Although
       • I liked the sweater. I decided not to buy it, though.
     • Even though is stronger. More emphatic than although
       • Even though you dislike Jessica, you should try to be nice to her.
   • In spite of and despite
     • We use in spite of before a noun or before the ing-form of a verb. Despite is exactly the same as in spite of.
       • She wanted t go despite the danger. He went on working in spite of feeling unwell.
   • Whereas, while and on the other hand
     • We use these words to express a comparisson between two ideas.
       • United are top of the league, whereas City are bottom
       • Yesterday it was freezing cold, while today it's quite warm.

4. Links across sentences

   • Words and phareses meaning 'and', 'but', 'so'.
     • AND
       • Too/ ass well. Also. In addition. Besides. Furthermore
     • BUT
       • Still. However. Neverthless/All at the same. On the oter hand.
     • SO
       • Therefore. Consequently/ As a result
   • Other link words and phrases
     • Rephrasing
       • In other words
     • Correcting youtself
       • I mean/ Or rather
     • Contradicting
       • On the contrary
     • Picking up a topic
       • Talking of
     • Changing the subject
       • By the way
     • Supporting a statement
       • After all
     • Dismissing something
       • Anyway
     • Give an example
       • for example