VYGOTSKY CONT.

VYGOTSKY CONT.

1. EVIDENCE FOR ROLE OF SCAFFOLDING IN LEARNING

   • WOOD ET AL: INTERACTION BETWEEN MOTHER AND CHILDREN. OBSERVED AS CHILDREN ATTEMPTED TASK NOT DO ON OWN. SET OF BLOCKS TO BUILD MODEL SHOWN IN PIC. OBSERVED TYPES INTERVENTIONS MOTHERS MADE. CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO HOW SPECIFIC THEY WERE
     • EG:
       • GENERAL ENCOURAGEMENT: NOW YOU HAVE A GO
       • SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS: GET FOUR BIG BRICKS
       • DIRECT DEMONSTRATION: SHOWING CHILD HOW TO PLACE ONE BLOCK ON ANOTHER
   • LEVEL OF ASSISTANCE DECLINED AS ACTIVITY PROGRESSED, WITH GREATEST HELP GIVEN AT START AND LESS HELP GIVEN AS CHILD'S OWN SKILLS DEVELOPED.
   • CONCLUDED, CHILDREN'S UNDERSTANDING SUPPORTED BY ADULTS IN VARIOUS WAYS OTHER THAN BY FORMAL INSTRUCTION.

2. WAY IN WHICH ZPD STUDIED CRITICISED. USUALLY INVOLVES DEVELOPMENT OF SINGLE SKILL BUT COG.DEV IN GENERAL INVOLVES ACQUISITION OF CONCEPTS (CONSERVATION) USED AND APPLIED IN VARIETY OF CIRCUMSTANCES.

3. CRITICISED THAT OVER-INSTRUCTION RESULT IN CHILD LESS LIKELY LEARN INDEPENDENTLY, LESS INCLINED SHOW INITIATIVE AND PROBLEM SOLVING.

   • FOR PIAGET, BEING CREATIVE THINKER AND SHOWING INITIATIVE IS KEY TO INTELLIGENT THOUGHT.

4. SOME, REGARDLESS OF HELP GIVEN, STILL DEVELOP SLOWER RATE, SUGGESTING OTHER FACTORS, INCLUDING GENETICS INVOLVED.

   • VYGOTSKY'S EMPHASIS ON SOCIAL RATHER THAN BIO REFLECTS MARXIST BACKGROUND- GENETICS NOT SAT COMFORTABLY IN SOVIET RUSSIA

5. ZPD EVALUATION

   • FREUND: CONDUCTED STUDY, CHILDREN. DECIDED WHICH ITEMS FURNITURE PLACED IN PARTICULAR AREAS OF DOLLS HOUSE.SOME ALLOWED TO PLAY WITH MOTHER IN SIMILAR SITUATION BEFORE ATTEMPTED ALONE (ZPD) WHILST OTHERS ALLOWED WORK BY THEMSELVES (PIAGET'S DISCOVERY LEARNING)
     • FOUND, THOSE WHO PREVIOUSLY WORKED WITH MOTHER (ZPD) SHOWED GREATEST IMPROVEMENT COMPARED WITH FIRST ATTEMPT. CONCLUSION, GUIDED LEARNING WITHIN ZPD LED TO GREATER UNDERSTANDING/PERFORMANCE THAN WORKING ALONE (DISCOVERY LEARNING)

6. ASSUMES ITS RELEVANT TO ALL CULTURES.

   • ROGOFF DISMISSES THAT IDEAS CULTURALLY UNIVERSAL, STATES CONCEPT OF SCAFFOLDING- HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON VERBAL INSTRUCTION. SOME INSTANCES OBSERVATION AND PRACTICE MORE EFFECTIVE WAY LEARNING CERTAIN SKILLS.