Modal Verbs

Modal Verbs

1. They are auxiliary verbs that cannot function as a main verb, unlike the auxiliary verbs "be", "do" and "have" that can function as a main verb.

   • They express modality, ability, possibility, need or other condition.
   • Modal verbs are:
     • Can
       • The verb can indicates the ability to do something or the possibility of something happening. It translates into Spanish as power. We use it in the present tense. To indicate that something cannot be done or is not possible to happen, the negative form can’t be used:
         • I can dance (puedo bailar)
     • could
       • "Could" indicates possibility or ability in the past.
         • Joe could speak Spanish when he was young.
       • You could also use "could" for future possibilities.
         • You could pass the test if you studied.
       • Like "can", in interrogative phrases "could" you can request permission or ask about the possibilities, but it is more formal
         • Could you pass the salt please?
     • may
       • Like "could", "may" is used to indicate possibilities in the future. Examples: I would bring an umbrella, it may rain later
       • It can also be used to give permissions or instructions. Examples: You may leave if you like.
     • might
       • “Might” is used to indicate possibilities in the present or the future. In these cases, it is a synonym for "may." Examples:   I would bring an umbrella, it might rain later.
     • will
       • to form the future tense Also the use of "will" means will or determination. Examples:   I will help you.   We will learn English. “Will” is used in interrogative phrases to request information, a favor or about options. Examples:   Will they find a cure for cancer?
     • shall
       • "Shall" is used as "will" to form the future tense. Examples:   Chris shall be happy to see you.   I'll take the 3 o’clock train. You can also use “shall” for offers and suggestions or to ask about options or preferences. Examples:   Shall we meet at 10pm?
     • should
       • Indicates an obligation or recommendation. It reflects an opinion about what is right. It translates as the "duty" conditional in Spanish. Examples:   I should call my parents more often.   You shouldn’t work so hard.   They should practice more if they want to win the championship. “Should” is used in interrogative phrases to ask if there is an obligation or to ask for a recommendation. Examples:   Should we leave a tip?
     • ought to
       • It is a synonym for “should” although it is less common. Examples:   She ought to quit smoking.   I ought to call my parents more often.   They ought to work less.
     • must/have to
       • indicates an obligation, prohibition or necessity. You can also use "have to" in affirmative sentences. Examples:   You must [have to] read this book, it's fantastic. You can also use “must” to indicate probability or assume something. Examples:   John’s not here. He must be sick because he never misses class. It is also possible to use “must” for rhetorical questions. Examples:   Must you always be late?
     • would
       • It serves to express a preference or desire. It is also used in conditional sentences (It could be that…)
         • She would take sandwiches.

2. example:

   • I can play piano.
   • I could understand German when I was a kid.
   • I will wash my plates after I finish eating.