Programming Languages

Programming Languages

1. Generations

   • First Generation
     • Machine Code
       • 0's and 1's
       • Lowest Memory Usage
       • Hard to read
   • Second Generation
     • Assembly Language
       • Combines machine code statements to form arguments and functions.
       • Easier to understand and allows for better memory
       • Can be long and hard to do.
   • Third Generation
   • Fourth Generation
   • Natural Language
     • English
     • French
     • German
     • Spanish
     • Polish
     • Welsh
     • A language that has developed naturally through use, it contains grammar and syntax

2. Hierarchy

   • High Level Languages
     • Imperative
       • Procedural
       • Object Oriented
       • Imperative programs are made up of sequence, selection and iteration blocks (“Every program is just a step, a branch and a loop”)
       • Limitation of imperative programming is that it doesn’t deal well with ideas and concepts.
     • Declarative
       • Functional
       • Database Query
       • Logic
       • Functional programming treats procedures as mathematical functions. The building blocks are functions rather than instructions.
       • Declarative programs describe the desired results of the program (what it should accomplish), without explicitly listing command or steps that need to be carried out to achieve the results.