FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION THEORIES

FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION THEORIES

1. VIEW OF LANGUAGE AND LEARNING

   • THEORIES
     • Behaviorism Cognitive Constructivism Humanistic Connectivisim
   • REASONS FOR LEARNING
     • LEARNING STYLES
       • ♦ Kinesthetic ♦Linguistic ♦Auditory Visual ♦Interpersonal ♦Intrapersonal
     • ARE
       • -For specific purposes -Academic purposes -Move to a target language community -International communication .
     • HAVE TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT
       • CONTEXTS
         • •English as a Foreign language •English as a Second language •English for speakers of the other languages
       • LEARNERS
         • ♥Children ♥Adolescents ♥Adults
     • TEACHING
   • WHATS IS ?
     • V.Learning Create a class environment where students' views of learning and knowledge can evolve.
     • VLanguage. Treats language as a system of structurally related elements to code meaning

2. HUMAN LEARNING

   • WHAT IS ?
     • Is a process of acquiring knowledge
   • WHY IS IMPORTANT?
     • The process of perceiving judging, knowing, and remembering are central to the task of internalizing a language.
   • DIFFERENCES
     • LEARNING
       • Is the process of absorbing information in order to increase skills and abilities.
     • TRAINING
       • Is the giving of information and knowledge through speech or other methods.
   • TYPES OF LEARNING
     • ◘Signal ◘Stimulus-response ◘Chaining ◘Verbal association. ◘Multiple discrimination ◘Concept learning ◘Principle learning ◘Problem solving

3. THEORIES OF MOTHER TONGUE ACQUISITION

   • BEHAVIORIST
     • What is ?
       • Is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning
     • TWO TYPES OF BEHAVIORISM ARE
       • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
         • Is when a stimulus automatically triggers an involuntary response.
           • Pavlov’s classical behaviorism.
             • Experiments with DOGS
       • OPERANT CONDITIONING
         • Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.
           • Skinner's operant conditioning.
             • Experiments with RATS
   • INNATIST
     • What is?
       • It asserts that human have access to the knowledge that is processed innately.
         • Main exponent
           • NOAM CHOMSKY
             • Language performance
             • Language competence
             • Universal Grammar
         • Characteristics
           • Make the learning environment as stress-free as possible.
           • Innatist in education
             • Natural Approach
             • Direct Method
           • Affective Filter is an important part
           • Emphasises communication.
   • COGNITIVE
     • Conceives learning as an internal process that consists of the modification of knowledge through mental associations.
       • Defends that the origin of language is closely related to cognitive development,

4. THEORIES

   • PIAGET'S CONSTRUCTIVISM
     • Three main aspects
       • Basic Components
         • Schema , Assimilation and Accomodation
       • 4 Stages of Cognitive Development
         • Sensorimotor, Pre-operational, Concrete-operational, Formal- operational
       • Intelligence development --->Simuntaneous development
   • VIGOTSKY SOCIAL INTERACTIONISM
     • Are Cognitive Theories
     • Four main aspects
       • Language learning
         • Argued that “nature” and “childcare” can be responsible for how a baby learns a language.
       • Higher and lower mental functions
         • Lower
           • Mental functions are those functions that are genetically inherited.
         • Higher
           • Are developing through social interaction.
       • Zone of proximal development
         • It refers to the distance between what a learner can achieve with guidance and what can do without help.
       • Scaffolding
         • Consists on the activities provided by the teacher or parents to support the kid as he or her led through ZPD.

5. VIEW OF TEACHING

   • iT'S IMPORTANT
     • Personality
       • Teacher's Skills
       • Teacher's Knowledge
     • Rapport
       • Good relationship between teacher and student
   • Adaptability
     • Manging classes
     • Variety
   • Three Views
     • Transmission
     • Transaction
     • Transformation

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