LINKING WORDS

LINKING WORDS

1. Addition (Agregar información )

   • and (y); also (también); in addition (además); as well as (además de); too (también); besides (además de/aparte de); furthermore (además) moreover (además/por otra parte)
     • Additionally, the bus service will run on Sundays, every two hours. He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore, he had not even contacted her. We are unable to repair this watch. Also, this is the fourth time this has happened. I love wearing earrings. I design and make them too. We went to the park today. As well as that, we did some shopping. Along with parties and parliaments, elections have lost their charm. I can’t afford to go to the concert. Besides, I don’t really like classical music. You haven’t paid the rent yet.

2. Contrast (Contrastar información)

   • but (pero); yet (aunque/sin embargo); however (sin embargo); although (aunque); though (aunque); even though (aunque/a pesar de que); despite (a pesar de/pese a); in spite of (a pesar de); nevertheless (no obstante); nonetheless (no obstante); while (aunque/mientras que)
     • Although/even though he is rich, he lives in a small house. In spite of/despite the rain, she walked to the station. In spite of/despite being blind, he walked to the station. He hasn’t got many possessions. However, he is happy. Unlike most systems, this one is very easy to install. There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try. Laptops are convenient; On the other hand, they can be expensive. The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to tackle them soon.

3. Condition (Condicionales)

   • if (si); providing (siempre que/a condición de que); provided that (siempre que/a condición de que); as/so long as (siempre y cuando/siempre que); unless (a menos que); only if (sólo si); even if (aun si/aunque) whether or not (sí o no)
     • You can take my car as long as/provided (that)/providing you don't damage it. He is poor and has no house, but even if he had money, he wouldn't buy a house. Take an umbrella in case it rains. I will go to the prom with you, provided you apologize. We will give you the money, providing you can pay it back within six months. We will perform a few songs, only if the profits go to charity. As long as I am capable, I will ride my bike to work.

4. Cause (Causa)

   • because (porque); since (ya que); as (como); due (to debido a); owing to (debido a)
     • Public transport is often late due to heavy traffic. You need a jacket since it's cold at night. Public transport is often late due to heavy traffic. Several airports are closed owing to fog. It game was cancelled because it was raining. ‘Because it was raining’ is the cause. It is why the game was cancelled. I took notes for you in class today since you were absent. As Monday is a holiday, we have decided to leave town for the weekend.

5. Consequence (Consecuencia)

   • as a result (como resultado); therefore (por lo tanto); so (así que); consequently (en consecuencia); as a consequence (como consecuencia); accordingly (en consecuencia)
     • His behaviour was unacceptable, so he was expelled. My cousin appears in this soap opera, that's why I watch it. There were road works and as a result, there were traffic jams. You might need legal advice, therefore, I'll give you my lawyer’s number. We are under a lot of pressure and, consequently our level of stress increases. We do not own the building. Thus, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it. There has been a great deal of rain and consequently the reservoirs are full. The customer was displeased with her meal, hence the chef prepared a replacement.

6. Giving examples (Dar ejemplos)

   • for example (por ejemplo); such as (tales como); for instance (por ejemplo)
     • here are many interesting places to visit in the city, for example/ for instance, the botanical garden or the art museum. I prefer to wear casual clothes, such as jeans and a sweatshirt. Including Christmas Day and Boxing Day, I’ve got a week off work. We need to concentrate on our target audience, namely women aged between 20 and 30. I think I would have made a difference in this case. This building are a living proof of this existence, so we must preserve it. I also make other jewellery like rings and bracelets.

7. Ideas sequencing (Secuenciación de ideas)

   • firstly, secondly, lastly… (en primer lugar, en segundo lugar y por último) the following (el/los siguiente/s)
     • Firstly, I prefer the train because I can see the landscape. At this time, the young man leapt into the air and flew off towards sunset. They arrived on Monday evening and we got there the following day. I had visited them three days previously. Your name is before mine on the list. Subsequently, new guidelines were issued to all employees. Above all, keep in touch. Lastly, and most importantly, you should be optimistic. Last but not least, I find I seriously cannot relate to women. We will continue to focus on our players first and foremost.

8. Summarizing (Resumiendo)

   • in conclusion (en conclusión); to conclude (para concluir) in summary (en resumen); in short/brief (en resumen)
     • In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise. To summarize, this is a clever approach to a common problem. The food was good and we loved the music. Altogether it was a great evening. His novels belong to a great but vanished age. They are, in short, old-fashioned. To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem… In summary, this was a disappointing performance.

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