Orientation and Attention

Orientation and Attention

1. ORIENTATION

   • impaired orientation for time & place - most common symptoms of brain disease
     • who-where-when questions = part of each neuropsy examination
   • TIME
     • average sensitivity but high specifity
       • MMSE
       • Temporal Orientation Test
         • one of top three tests to distinguish dementia from pseudodementia
   • PLACE
   • BODY
     • disorientation - autotopognosia
       • Personal Orientation Test
     • Finger agnosia
       • In-Between Test
       • Finger Localization
     • Directional
   • SPACE
     • Mental Transformations
     • Topographical Orientation
     • Spatial Dyscalculias

2. ATTENTION

   • Capacity
     • Digit Span Forward
     • Sentence Repetition I, II
     • Corsi Block Tapping Test
   • Working Memory - Mental Tracking
     • Digit Span Backwards
       • LBD - Aphasia - lower DB than in DF + lower DF than RBD
     • Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test - PASAT
       • suitable only for highly functional individuals
     • Brown - Peterson Technique
       • hold an Information while being engaged in distracting action
       • Alzheimer, Parkinson, Korsakoff disease
   • Vigilance
     • click the button when X appears on the screen
   • Selectivity
     • Stroop Test
       • LBD, L frontal lobe
   • Complex Attention Tests
     • Digit - Symbol Coding Test
       • high senstivity to dementia
     • Symbol -Digit Modalities Test
       • top predictor of decline of MCi to dementia
   • Distribution
     • Trail - Making Test
       • TMT A
         • connect numbers with a line (increasingly)
           • reliable predictor of MCI to dementia
       • TMT B
         • numbers + letters