cyber security

cyber security

1. cyber attacks

   • definition: attempts to compramise a system or obtain unauthorised digital data
   • how to avoid them : phishing, malware including : ransomare, bonets, keylogger
   • key terms :
   • hacking: unauthorised access to computer material
   • phishing: sending false info to someone pretending to be a bank or organisation
   • malware: malicious software designed to cause harm
   • ransomware: malware that encrypts users files and demands a ransom to decrypt them
   • botnet: a network of computers containing malware which allows them to be controlled by hackers
   • keylogger : malware that records every single key press and sends to a hacker

2. cyber defences

   • definition : technices and systems to reduce the impact of cyber attacks
   • process and impact: security software, white and grey hat hacking, backups
   • key terms:
   • security software: often called antivirus software even though it deals with more than just viruses, scans computers for known malware and removes it
   • white hat hacking: hacking that is done with the authorisation of the company being hacked. the hacker produces a reprt of all the vunrebilities so the company can fix them
   • grey hat hacking : hacking done without the authorisation of the company but with good intentions
   • backups : keeping a copy of data of a system so that if damaged or lost it can be restord

3. encryption

   • definition: altering data so it can not be read by anyone other than the owner
   • encrypt and decrypt messges using caesar and cipher text. use brute force and statitical attacks to crack simple ciphers
   • key terms:
     • cipher : method of encrypting text.
     • plaintext: unecrypted data
     • cipher text : encrypted data
     • key : info need to encrypt or decrypt data
     • crack: read encrypted data without being given key
     • brute force : crack cipher by trying every possible key until succesful
     • statitical attck : crack cipher by using statics and estimates of most likely values
     • caeser cipher : each leeter is shifted a number of letters in the alphabet
     • substitution cipher : letter is replaced by a different letter