Countries and migration

Countries and migration

1. Countries of origin, transit and destination

   • Countries of origin
     • Places where it was born and places where migration begins.
     • Most of these countries are less developed countries.
   • Transit countries
     • They are the intermidiate places on the road between the country of origin and the country of destination.
   • Destination countries
     • Places where people want to emigrate.
       • Leaving a place of origin for socio-economic reasons.
     • They display more development than the origin countries.
   • Country of return
     • In certain circumstances a considerable number of migrants return to their country of origin.

2. The case of Ecuador

   • In 2007
     • Ecuador became a country of origin, a country of transit and a destination country.
     • The lack of employment and armed conflicts made people see Ecuador as an opportunity to find better days.
   • In 2017
     • About 1 608 000 foreigners entered Ecuador.
       • Making Ecuador more successful, in economic and turism partners.
   • In 1999
     • Ecuador became a country of origin with the departure of more than 950 000 people, mainly because of the economic crisis of that time.
   • The decision to migrate
     • A lot of information, aspirations and concrete possibilities come to play when making the decision.
     • The decision is a progress, not a simple statement.
     • The idea takes shape
       • More specific inquiries are made about exactly where to go; the necessary requierements and procedures.
         • Then come the concrete actions.
     • In the First world it is extremely difficult to get a work visa.
       • For this reason, most people look for a turist visa, then they stay there illegally or "paperless".
     • Coyoteros
       • These are people who charge money to bring migrants into countries that make legal entry difficult.
       • The death of those left without defenses in their hands.
       • "Coyoterism" is a crime.
     • The decision to migrate is not exclusively individual.

3. Human rights and migrations

   • Human rights are principles and norms that seek to respect the dignity of people and protect them from abuses of power.
   • It is established that everyone has the rights, without any distinction, such as national origin or place of birth (art. 2).
   • The Convention on the Rights of Migrant workers and their families.
     • Contain a group of rights regardless of immigration status.
   • Migration is a human right.
     • It is up to the person to do it or not.
       • A forced migration for any cause, is a violation of rights.
       • Forcing a person not to migrate is also a violation.
     • It covers the right to leave or stay in a place, region or country
       • The States have the duty to respect, promote and guarantee human rights.

4. Migration policies

   • The fulfillment of the rights of the people who live there.
     • Which extends to the international security.
   • State security
     • This resposibility usually prevails.
   • States exist to guarantee the human rights, this has been established in all the constitutions of the world.
     • It is not fulfilled.
   • Migration
     • States have many difficulties in complying with the rights of people, who are in a situation of mobility.
   • In this globalized era.
     • The selectivity prevails governments, these are called discriminatory policies.
   • The danger of restrictions
     • No matter how much efforts states make, migrations don't stop.
     • There are billlions of dollars or euros that, with other policies and little creativity.
       • Would be more useful for policies of regularization, integration and reduction of socioeconomic inequalities of countries, nationals and foreigners.

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