Migration in the past and present

Migration in the past and present

1. Migration in the past

   • Mobility is a human’s characteristic. In many ways, the history has shown people's movement from one place to another, even from one continent to another. With the discovery of agriculture, the human groups were becoming sedentary. As the population grew, they needed new territories where to live. The biggest part of them was forcedly mobilized, not by factors of nature, but by the action of other human beings.

2. Migration and modernity

   • In modernity, in the 16th century, millions of people left Europe to conquer, almost always by force, new territories in America, Africa and Oceania. With the development of commercial relations, around 10 million people from Africa were violently displaced and subjected to slavery by the colonial system, mainly in America.

3. Globalization

   • With globalization, the conditions were created for countries to eliminate customs barriers and products and capital circulate around the world without restrictions, supported by the development of the leading economy and the knowledge economy. The migration of the business sector and highly qualified professionals from poor countries to First World countries was facilitated. However, the more opening capital has been given, the greater the mobility of people.

4. Migration in Latin American

   • In the Aboriginal Era, the great empires caused important forced migrations in their expansion and conquest processes. The conquest of America was related to great migratory processes of people from Europe and Africa. It is a continent in movement that experiences internal, intra-regional and international migration processes.

5. Types of migration

   • To better understand migrations, their types must be set. Among these, cross-border migration occurs when movements occur between border areas between countries. It is important to establish that if migrations are voluntary processes, otherwise it is called forced. Displacement, when wars or disasters occur and people go to another place within their country. There is also the case of people who need to leave one country and go to another to find refuge, under the protection of another State. They are the so-called people in refugee situations. On the other hand, there is talk of irregular migration when those who migrate cannot comply with the requirements and enter irregularly or as tourists, and then reside in an irregular situation and require that they be called "paperless."

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