Understanding children's development. Part 3

Understanding children's development. Part 3

1. MATURATION

   • It means fully grown and developed. The maturate form of humans is adults. Much development also depends on our inbuilt 'programming' but need to be further developed through our experiences
     • General behavior is also shaped by our experiences. We have to take into account that experiences can be positive as well as negative
     • There is an important aspect of maturation that is what adults expect of children. If adults assume a child to do things beyond their stage of development it can have a poor effect.

2. WHAT FACTORS CAN AFFECT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT?

   • There are some factors that can affect children's growth and development. These factors affect some children more than others.
     • POVERTY
       • It means that there is little money to have an exciting lifestyle
         • IMPORTANT: Children that are well feed and clothed and have lots of opportunities for educational development are not assured of love and support from their families. This can also affect their development
         • According to Tassoni people who have less than 60 percent of the income that an average person supposed to can be considered to be at risk of poverty and social exclusion
         • The number of poor people increased dramatically between 1985 and the early 1990s
         • In 1999 the government published a report called 'Opportunity for All' which states that the following problems prevent people from making the most oftheir lives
           • LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES TO WORK
             • Work is the most important route out of low income. There more consequences of being unemployed. Apart from lack of money, people can get sick and can deny future employment opportunities
           • LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES TO ACQUIRE EDUCATION AND SKILLS
             • Adults without basic skills are much more likely to spend more periods out of work
           • CHILDHOOD DEPRIVATION
             • This is related to problems of low income, poor health, poor housing, and unsafe environments
           • DISRUPTED FAMILIES
             • Children in lone-parent families are particularly likely to suffer the effect of persistently low household incomes
           • INEQUALITIES IN HEALTH
             • Low income and range of socioeconomic can affect families health.
           • POOR HOUSING
             • This affects people's quality of life and leads to a variety of physical and mental health problems. Also, this affects the children's performance doing their homework
           • POOR NEIGHBOURHOODS
             • The most deprived areas suffer from a combination of poor housing, high rates of crime, unemployment, poor health, and family disruption
     • ENVIRONMENT
       • The environment people live in is important. Different social groups often live in different neighborhoods. On the one hand, families in the higher social classes tend to live in more expensive housing areas with good facilities for travel and education. On the other hand, families on lower incomes are often forced to rent rather than buy their homes.
         • People who live in poor- quality have disadvantages such as noise, pollution, overcrowding, poor access to the shop, and stress from petty crime. Low income and poor housing are a source od stress to many people
     • FAMILY STRUCTURE
       • There are different kinds of families or groups. Belonging to a family can have advantages. The family provides safe and guide, teach children. They can provide a source of social and emotional support.
         • Sociologist have identified 4 different types of family
           • EXTEND FAMILIES
             • It is conformed by parents, children, and grandparents live together. This kind of family has many advantages. Grandparents can take care of the children while their parents are working. Also, older children can help care for grandparents
           • NUCLEAR
             • The term nuclear family was invented to describe this new, smaller family. previously it was made up of the husband who was the one who worked, the wife who was the one who was in charge of the house and the care of the children. Nowadays, both husband and wife work and children are cared by nannies.
           • RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES
             • It is made up of a couple and children. But one of the parents is not the biological parent of one of the children. This happens because many marriages separate and eventually remarry and form another family. Roughly a quarter of children might experience their parent divorcing before the age of 16
           • LONE-PARENT FAMILIES
             • Nearly a quarter of all families with dependent children are lone-parent families. Lone- parent families live on low incomes compared with couples with dependent children.

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