What is the questionnaire

What is the questionnaire

1. A self-report data collection instrument that each research participant completes as part of a research study.

2. The questionnaire is a versatile tool that is available to you and other educational researchers.

3. Questionnaires can be used to collect quantitative, qualitative and mixed data and should contain several questions and statements.

4. PRINCIPLES OF QUESTIONNAIRE CONSTRUCTION

   • PRINCIPLE 1
     • PRINCIPAL 2
       • PRINCIPAL 3
         • PRINCIPAL 4
           • PRINCIPAL 5
             • PRINCIPAL 6
               • PRINCIPAL 7
                 • PRINCIPAL 8
                   • PRINCIPAL 9
                     • PRINCIPAL 10
                       • PRINCIPAL 11
                         • PRINCIPAL 12
                           • PRINCIPAL 13
                             • PRINCIPAL 14
                               • PRINCIPAL 15
                                 • Always pilot test your questionnaire
                                   • Pilot test Preliminary test of your questionnaire
                                     • It is important to use the think aloud technique with some of the participants in your pilot test, but the others should answer the other questions
                               • Develop a questionnaire that is properly organizedand easy for the participant to use.
                                 • The order and sequence of the questionnaire is important: first the demographic level and at the end personal questions are added.
                                   • One technique used to help prevent response sets is to reverse the wording (and punctuation) on some of the items.
                             • Use caution if you reverse the wording in some of the items to prevent response sets in multi-item scales.
                               • Response set The tendency to respond in a specific direction regardless ofcontent
                                 • Acquiescence response set The tendency either to agree or disagree
                                   • Social desirability response set The tendency to provide answers that aresocially desirable
                           • Consider using multiple methods when measuring abstract constructs.
                             • Nowadays, measurement methods are used, the point is that the more methods a researcher uses to measure relevant concepts or constructs, the more the researcher will be able to take advantage of statistical programs to take advantage of the research.
                         • Use multiple items to measure abstract constructs.
                           • Summated rating scale A multi-item scale that has the responses for eachperson summed into a single score
                             • Likert scale A type of summated rating scale invented by Rensis Likert
                       • Consider the different types of response categoriesavailable for closed-ended questionnaire items.
                         • A rating scale is a continuum of response choices that participants aretold to use in indicating their responses.
                           • the semantic differential is a scaling technique that is used to measure themeaning that participants give to various attitudinal objects or concepts
                     • Use mutually exclusive and exhaustive responsecategories for closed-ended questions.
                       • Exclusive categories apply because none of the categories overlap.
                         • The principle of exhaustive categories applies because there is one category available for all possible ages
                   • Determine if an open question or closed.
                     • An open-ended question enables participants to respond in any way that theyplease.
                       • A closed-ended question requires participants tochoose from a limited number of responses that are predetermined by theresearcher
                 • Avoid double negatives.
                   • When participants are asked for their agreement with a statement, double negatives can easily occur.
                     • Double negative A sentence construction that includes two negatives
               • Avoid double-barreled questions.
                 • Conbines two or more issues or attitude objects in a sigle item
                   • if the word already appears in a question, check whether it is a double question or whether the question refers to a very specific situation.
             • Do not use “leading” or “loaded” questions.
               • loaded question is one that contains emotionally charged words
                 • A leading question is one that is phrased in such a waythat it suggests a certain answer
           • Write items that are clear, precise, and relativelyshort.
             • The objective is that each research participant interprets the meaning of each questionnaire item in exactly the same way.
               • The research should be clear so that participants can interpret the question more quickly and easily.
         • Use natural and familiar language.
           • The use of vocabulary depending on the target audience of the questionnaire is very important for its understanding.
             • Avoid using jargon or technical terms that confuse the participant.
       • Understand your research participants.
         • Understand the participants because they are the ones who will answer the questionnaire, that is the key to develop it but it must make sense.
     • Make sure the questionnaire items match your research objectives
       • Before conducting the questionnaire, it is important to organize and understand what research we are going to use.
         • Exploratoty and confirmatory research literature research should be analyzed to see if it is available