Nadia burns her hand

Nadia burns her hand

1. skin layers

   • epidermis
     • contains no blood vessels
     • merkel cells for sense of touch
       • called tactile disk if its associated with a nerve ending
     • Melanocytes at the stratum basale
       • synthesize melanin for protection against UV light
     • contains 5 layers:
       • Corneum
         • Lucidum (only in thick skin)
           • Granulosum
             • Spinosum
               • Basale
   • dermis
     • contains 2 layers
       • papillary layer
         • thin loose collagen
         • blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve endings
       • Reticular layer
         • thick bundle of collagen
         • loose areolar tissue
     • sebaceous glands -> secrete sebum
     • sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine
     • hair follicle
   • Hypodermis
     • subcutaneous tissue
       • consists of adipose tissue which binds the skin to the underlying tissue
       • the fat serves as an energy reservoir and thermal insulation
       • production of leptin -> to regulate body weight

2. Burns

   • A burn is an injury to the skin primarily caused by heat, radiation or electricity
   • types of burns
     • 1st degree
       • affects the epidermis only
         • causes:
           • superficial redness
       • gets repaired faster than the rest
     • 2nd degree
       • affects the epidermis and dermis
         • causes:
           • wet,pink blisters
       • heals slower than 1st degree
     • 3rd degree
       • affects the epidermis,dermis and hypodermis
         • looks dry and leathery
         • requires grafting
         • not painful

3. Burn complications

   • Bacterial infection, can lead to sepsis
   • fluid loss = dehydration
   • hypothermia
   • keloids
   • contractures

4. first aid for burns

   • minor burns
     • hold the burned area under cool water
     • apply lotion or aloe vera
     • bandage the burn
   • major burns
     • remove restrictive items
     • cover the burned area with a moist bandage
     • require emergency care
   • Hospital treatment
     • IV fluid to prevent dehydration
     • pain medications
     • burn cream and ointments
     • dressings to prevent infection

5. Infections and antibiotics

   • Burn patienst are more likely to get infected due to the flora being disturbed
     • open wound provides a good environment for bacterial growth
     • could lead to systemic symptoms such as:
       • fever
       • fatigue
       • nausea
   • Antibiotics kill bacteria and prevent them from growing
     • most common antibiotic used for burn patients is penicillin to cover streptococcal infections

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