1st Partial - Philosophy

1st Partial - Philosophy

1. What is Philosophy?

   • Love of wisdom
   • Acceptance of yourself
     • Living well
   • Vita Contemplativa
     • Take care of small details
   • Definitions:
     • Search for self-understanding
     • Love and pursuit of wisdom
       • Take decisions
     • Asking questions about basic concepts
       • Take decisions
       • What is the Human Being?
     • Search for fundamental beliefs that are rationally justified

2. Branches of Philosophy

   • Aesthetics
     • Studies the concept of beauty
   • Logic
     • Studies the correct reasoning
   • Metaphysics
     • Ontology
       • Studies the nature and relations of a being
     • World beyond nature
   • Theodicy
     • Rational study of the existence of different gods
   • Antrophology
     • Study of humankind through history
   • Ethics
     • Studies the right/wrong behaviors
   • Politics
     • Study of all the practices and methods of social organization
   • Cosmology
     • Study of universe as a whole

3. Myth

   • Popular and fake story of belief
     • Tries to understand nature and historical facts
     • Attenuated form of intellectuality
   • Science
     • Method to interpret nature
   • Origin: Greeks
   • A way to generate social control
     • Macromosmos
       • The world
         • There's no absolute truth
     • Microcosmos
       • ME
     • Traditions & beliefs

4. Philosophical Questions

   • Approach
     • Open - posibility of answers from many standpoints
   • CONTENT
     • Sense of life, value of a particular act, existential
       • What is death?
   • MORAL LEGITIMACY
     • According to what extent something is right or wrong
       • Do I have the right to commit suicide?
   • CRITIQUE
     • From one affirmation to an interrogation, increas knowledge
       • Do I have the right to disobey a law?
   • RATIONAL
     • Based on critical thinking
       • Until what extent is it valid to think that myths are related to our daily life?
   • ABSTRACT
     • Abstraction and generic notions with undetermined verbal persons
       • What is love? Evilness?

5. Sophists

   • Characteristics
     • Not universe but mankind
     • Not true but persuasion
     • Wisemen
     • First humanists
     • Charged fees for tuitition
     • Study of languaje
       • Logic
   • Protagoras
     • "The man is the measure of all things"
       • Leads to relativism
   • Gorgias
     • Nothing exists
       • If something exists, i cannot know it
         • If I can know something then I cannot communicate it
           • Solipsism
             • Subject locked within itself
           • Nihilism
             • Radical negation of existence
           • Skepticism
             • Denial of posibility of knowledge

6. Socrates

   • In search of truth
   • Dialogue & Eristic (argumentations)
     • Maieutic Method: Question-Analysis-Hypothesis
       • Dialectic: Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis
         • "I only know I don't know anything"
   • Critic to Sophists

7. Plato

   • Socrates' pupil
   • Opens the Academy
   • Theory of World of Forms
     • X | X owns characteristics of the compound Y
       • New concept developed: Beauty
         • Humans cannot create anything, just take an idea on nature
           • Beauty decreases in each transformation
   • Cavern Allegory
     • Reality is a shadow created by the senses
       • Philosophers ought to reminiscence
       • Impossibility of communication of knowledge
   • Utopian Republic
     • 3 social classes:
       • Workers->Warriors->Leader
         • The Philosopher King
         • People can't develop 2 jobs at same time
           • Fullfill only its duty
         • Aims for excelence on people
           • No deformities
     • Sex is not regulated by government

8. The Presocratics

   • Ionic: Origin of everything
     • Thales: Arxé->Water
     • Anaximander: Arxé->Apeiron
     • Anaximenes: Arxé->Air
     • Hybirs = chaos
   • Heraclitus: Everything is in constant change
   • Parmenides: Eternity, Eleatic School, Destiny, Dualism
   • Democritus: Void (atomic theory)
   • Empedocles: 4 elements
   • Anaxagoras: Theory of seeds
   • Pitágoras: "God" Maths as the key of everything Everything=numbers