RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS

1. MAIN FUNCTIONS:

   • WORKS CLOSELY WITH CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM TO ACCOMPLISH GAS EXCHANGE
   • INTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS BETWEEN BLOOD AND TISSUES
   • EXTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS BETWEEN ATMOSPHERE AND BLOOD
   • ELIMINATE CARBON DIOXIDE
   • PROVIDE OXYGEN TO CELLS

2. Upper Respiratory Passageways

   • PHARYNX DIVIDED INTO THREE REGIONS:
     • LARYNGOPHARYNX (LOWER)
     • NASOPHARYNX (UPPER)
     • OROPHARYNX (MIDDLE)
   • AIR ENTERS THROUGH NOSE, PAST SINUS CAVITIES
   • AIR THEN PASSES THROUGH PHARYNX

3. Lower Respiratory Passageways and Lungs

   • Larynx contains vocal folds (allow speech)
   • Trachea is a tube with C-shaped cartilage rings (divides into two primary bronchi)
   • Bronchial system consists of bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

4. Lungs

   • Right is larger and has three lobes.
   • Left has two lobes.
   • Covered by pleura.
     • Parietal (outer)
     • Visceral (inner)

5. Suffixes for Respiration

   • Pnea (breathing ) orthopnea :Breathlessness in the recumbent position relieved by sitting or standing
   • Capnia (level of carbon dioxide ) hypercapnia: decreased amount of oxygen in the tissues
   • Oxia(level of oxygen ) hypoxia: decreased amount of oxygen in the tissues

6. VENTILATION MADE UP OF:

   • INSPIRATION
     • PHRENIC NERVE STIMULATES DIAPHRAGM TO CONTRACT AND FLATTEN
     • CHEST CAVITY ENLARGES
     • CHANGE IN PRESSURE CAUSES AIR TO BE PULLED IN
   • EXPIRATION
     • BREATHING MUSCLES RELAX
     • LUNGS RETURN TO ORIGINAL SIZE
     • AIR FORCED OUT

7. Gas Transport

   • Oxygen in blood
     • Attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells
     • Released to cells as needed
   • Carbon dioxide mostly as carbonic acid
     • Amount formed regulates blood pH

8. Roots for Respiratory Passageways

   • Nas/o (nose) intranasal: within the nose
   • Pharyng/o (pharynx) pharyngeal: pertaining to the pharynx

9. Roots for the Lungs and Breathing

   • Pneumon/o (lung) pneumonitis: inflammation of the lung; pneumonia
   • Pleur/o (pleura) Pleurisy: Infection of the pleural cavity

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