REPORT OVERVIEW: PROVIDING PERSPECTIVE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY

REPORT OVERVIEW: PROVIDING PERSPECTIVE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY

1. The evident increase in the key statistics from the World Migration Report (2000 and 2020) serve as an explanation on the emergence of migration as a first-tier global issue that has made United Nations Member States take a series of steps to strengthen global governance of migration.

   • The World Migration Report 2000's success has heralded the World Migration Report Series, which has become IOM's most important publication series. Its main focus is on making a relevant and evidence-based contribution that increases the understanding of migration by policymakers, researchers and the general public.
     • In 2016, IOM made the decision to refine the World Migration Report series in order to maximize its contribution to fact-based knowledge on global migration. Each edition of the series now has two parts, which are divided between key information on migration and migrants, and evidence-based analysis of complex migration issues.
       • The first World Migration Report was published 20 years ago, and it was designed to increase the understanding of migration by policymakers and the general public. It was conceived at a time when the effects of globalization on migration patterns were being felt in many parts of the world, which consequently caused part of the genesis of the first Report. Therefore, it looks at the increasingly global economy which has led to an unprecedented influx of newcomers in many countries.
         • According to the key statistics presented in the World Migration Reports (2000 and 2020), there are evident increases from 2000 to 2020 in aspects like the number of international migrants (150M to 272M), global international remittances(126B to 689B), number of refugees (14M to 25.9M) and number of stateless people (3.9M in 2020). There is also an increase in the number of IOM Member States (79 to 173). Both Oceania and the United Arab Emirates stay as the region and country with the highest proportion of international migrants.
           • IOM UN Migration.(2020). World Migration Report 2020. Recuperado de https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2020.pdf
             • Gitter, S. R., Gitter, R. J., & Southgate, D. (2008). The Impact of Return Migration to Mexico. Estudios Económicos, 23(1 (45)), 3–23. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40311536

2. There are migration patterns in each country and continent, which is making the population growth in specific countries more predictable.

   • Migration is a determinant key in population change over the years, by remodeling the way countries expand and altering the population rates.
     • There are some regions in which displacement is a major feature, it may be because of war, economic crisis, a bad government or other conflicts.
       • Migration has suffered from different changes, which have been incrementing in recent years.
         • Migration is the most problematic of the population variables. Unlike the unique events of birth and death that define an individual’s lifetime, migration can be a multiple event. Its measurement depends entirely upon how it is defined in time and across space.

3. Samantha Michelle Vicite Rodríguez A01639101 - María Clara Flores Búrquez A01741636 - José Alfredo López Torres A01638976 - Octavio Sebastían Hernández Galindo A01638993

   • Globalization is affecting a larger part of our lives and it is present in daily situations like our workplaces, in our homes, in our social and spiritual lives
     • There has been an unprecedented pace of change in the geopolitical, social, environmental and technological spheres that is called the “age of accelerations”, the “fourth industrial revolution”, or the “age of change”.
       • Technology and innovation go hand in hand with migration, there are groups of analyzers that investigate how international migration helps or limits the exchange of technology and knowledge.
         • In the most recent years, there have been a number of changes on migration, such as in the overall scale of migration and displacement. Rather, it would appear that there has been a deepening of existing patterns of migration as opportunities brought about by economic growth and reform, trade liberalization and long-term stability have been further realized.
           • Migration is a very complicated population variable, mostly because it depends upon how it is defined in time and across space. Despite all the difficulties with the measurement of internal migration as sketched above, considerable progress has been made towards the construction of analytical models that allow the comparison of patterns across space.
       • Mexico is not safe from migration, in fact in Mexico the migration is something very common, there are millions of people who have migrated from Mexico to the USA searching for an opportunity. This brings consequences, mostly social and economic, because there are less employees, also when people leave they leave their previous environment empty, leading to a hole in a part of a community, this can be with friends, in jobs, and also in families. It is very common that the father leaves Mexico to migrate to the USA, leaving their family behind, which may cause them a lot of trouble, even if they send money. Another problem is the return migration in Mexico, because the people that leave to the USA, usually come back after 12 months and they then have less opportunity to get a job. Other problem is that Mexico is that it is the corridor for all Centro and Sud America to get to the USA, because not only mexicans migrate there, and while they pass by, they need to eat and fulfill other ba

4. Migration is in large part related to the many economic, social, political and technological transformations that affect a wide range of high-priority policy issues

   • The factors evaluated throughout the texts are historical and contemporary: historical, because the migration and movement recognition are produced in the social, political and economic contexts with a wider and longer extension. We can understand this by recognizing that we are right now passing global transformations and that the changes remaining in our lives are having an impact on our present environment.
     • In the past 2 years there have been many changes in the United Nations, one of the organizations in charge of getting people aware of social conditions, mainly, more members have been added in order to create 2 global agreements about migration and international protests such as : the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, and the Global Compact on Refugees.
   • Also there has been a major shift in the political realm, more precisely in the civic engagement due to the growth of social media and other online platforms. An example of this situation is the “Arab Spring” that heralded a significant development in how voices were heard and activists organized in political arenas. It’s important to acknowledge that we live in a period of time where core values that sustain global governance are being challenged.
     • Over the last decade migration more than in any point has proven to be a political issue that involves psychological, economic, and public relations connotations. This is because the movement of people has improved and with this has come problems such as financial crisis, restrictive policies and anti-immigration backlash as an effect of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, that also cause outbreaks of xenofobia.